حقيقة الصّلاة

[نبيل عزاب]

حقيقة الصّلاة
الصّلاة قُربة فعلية ذات إحرام وسلام أو سجود فقط، والصّلاة الواجبة عينًا خمس: الظهر والعصر والمغرب والعشاء والصبح، والواجبة كفاية: صلاة الجنازة.
أوقات الصّلاة
لكلّ صلاة مفروضة وقتان: اختياري، وهو الّذي يُطلب فيه أداء الصّلاة لكلّ أحد. واضطراري، وهو الّذي يأثَم مَن أدّى الصّلاة فيه إلاّ إذا كان واحدًا من الأفراد الآتية أصحاب الأعذار.
حكم مَن خفي عليه الوقت
مَن خفي عليه الوقت لظلمة أو سحاب، اجتهد في تعيين الوقت مهما استطاع، وتحرّى بقدر جهده واعتمد على أيّة علامة يرى أنّها علامة الوقت، كمَن كان له أو لغيره ورد من صلاة أو قراءة أو ذكر وكانت عادته الفراغ منه عند طلوع الفجر مثلاً، فإنّه يعتمد على ذلك وتكفي غلبة الظن.
أفضل وقت الصّلاة
أفضل وقت الصّلاة أوّلُه، سواء في ذلك الفرد أو الجماعة، وسواء كانت الصّلاة ظُهرًا أو غيرها، ويُستثنى من ذلك الظهر في صورتين:
1 ـ لمَن ينتظر جماعة أو كثرتها، فيندب له أن يُؤخّر صلاتها إلى ربع القامة لتحصيل فضل الجماعة.
2 ـ كما يُندب تأخيرها لنصف القامة في شدّة الحر للإبراد حتّى ينتشر الظل، وبعضهم حَدّ التأخير بأكثر من نصف القامة.

[القالمي]

ماذا تقصد ب:الصّلاة قُربة فعلية ذات إحرام وسلام أو سجود فقط ،أين الركوع و القيام .
بالنسبة للصلاة المفروضة ،نسيت صلاة الجمعة ،و هي تختلف عن صلاة الظهر.
بالنسبة لأفضل وقت الصلاة،فأفضل وقت هو أولها ،لكن هل ننتظر الجماعة .
هنا خلاف بين الفقهاء فمن قال بوجوب الجماعة كالحنابلة ،فأعتقد أنه يلزمه الانتظار،طالما لم يخرج الوقت (عملا بالقاعدة الأصولية ما لايتم الواجب إلا به فهو واجب)،أما من قال بأنها مستحبة فلا يلزمه الانتظار إلا إذا أراد 27 درجة مالم تخرج الصلاة عن وقتها.
ثم قولك يستثنى من ذلك الظهر لمن ينظر الجماعة،فيلزم أ، تدعم كلامك بحديث عن النبي عليه الصلاة و السلام،و لماذا الانتظار في الظهر و ليس في الصبح و العشاء و العصر (20 دقيقة مثلا) ؟.
تقبتك بهذه الملاحظات،و لست عالما ،و إن كنت أجتهد في تعلم ديني ،فأرجو أن يكتب في الدين إلا من هو أهله،كما لا يكتب في مختلف العلوم إلا من هو أهلها.

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