5 أفراد يتحكمون في قوت الجزائريين

[نبيل عزاب]

5 أفراد يتحكمون في قوت الجزائريين من السكر والزيت

انسحاب الدولة الكامل من قطاع إنتاج الزيوت الغذائية والسكر منذ بداية العشرية الماضية سمح بتحويل الاحتكار العمومي للمادتين، إلى يد خمسة محتكرين خواص، يسيطرون اليوم على 100 بالمائة من استيراد وتحويل مادتي السكر والزيت.
مجمع "سيفيتال" يسيطر على أزيد من 65 بالمائة من السوق الوطنية لمادة زيت المائدة وحوالي 85 بالمائة من مادة السكر، فيما يسيطر المنافسون الأربعة على حوالي 35 بالمائة من السوق الوطنية للزيت و15 بالمائة لمادة السكر، على الرغم من أن قانون المنافسة يمنع أي متعامل من الهيمنة على أزيد من 45 بالمائة من السوق.
وتتقاسم كل من شركة "عافية" التابعة لمجموعة "صافولا" السعودية وشركة "لابيل" وشركة "صافية" التي هي في الأصل الشركة الوطنية للمواد الدسمة، قبل بيعها للقطاع الخاص قبل سنوات، بالإضافة إلى شركة "زينور"، حوالي 35 بالمائة من السوق الجزائرية لزيت المائدة.
وبينت الوضعية التي آلت إليها السوق الوطنية للمواد الغذائية الأساسية قصور ومحدودية سياسة الخوصصة الانتقائية لقطاعات إستراتيجية حساسة ذات ربحية عالية استفادت منها بعض اللوبيات على حساب المجموعة الوطنية، خاصة أن الوحدات الإنتاجية التابعة للدولة في الأصل تم خوصصتها بطرق غير شفافة، قبل أن تعود الدولة للتفكير مجددا في الاستثمار في إنجاز مصانع لتكرير السكر والزيت، وهي التي قررت التخلص من جميع المصانع التابعة للمؤسسة الوطنية للسكر والمؤسسة الوطنية للمواد الدسمة، بالدينار الرمزي لتجار خواص فشلوا في لعب دور إيجابي في تطوير القطاع القائم على استيراد احتياجات الجزائر من المادتين بنسبة 100 بالمائة من الخارج.
وتشير الوضعية الراهنة إلى قدرة بعض اللوبيات المسيطرة على المادتين، في تعطيل القانون الخاص بالمنافسة الذي يمنع بروز وضعيات الهيمنة. ونص القانون الجزائري على منع أي متعامل من الإستحواد على أزيد من 45 بالمائة من السوق، إلا أن تعطيل مجلس المنافسة سمح بتأجيل تطبيق هذا النص القانوني إلى أجل غير معلوم.

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