كتاب حول العلاقات الجزائرية الأمريكية بعد الإستقلال

[نبيل عزاب]

كتاب حول العلاقات الجزائرية الأمريكية بعد الإستقلال

تناول الأستاذ عبد الكريم بلخيري في كتابه حول ''العلاقات الأمريكية الجزائرية...1954 ـ 1980، تطور الموقف الأمريكي تجاه الجزائر، ضمن ما أسماه ''التوازن بين المصلحة والمبدأ''.
ذكر المؤلف أن الجزائر، وبالأخص خلال مرحلة الرئيس الأسبق أحمد بن بلة، كانت مصدر قلق بالنسبة للأمريكيين، بسبب مساندتها لحركات التحرر في العالم، موضحا أن أمريكا رحبت بانقلاب هواري بومدين في البداية، لكنها سرعان ما أدركت العكس، إذ كان قادة الحركة التحررية الزنجية ''بلاك بونترز''، يجدون ملاذا لهم في الجزائر، من منطلق خيارات أيديولوجية تعكس الرغبة في التحرر.
يكشف المؤلف، استنادا إلى بحوث حديثة، أن واشنطن لم تكن متحمسة لنضال الوطنيين الجزائريين ضد الاستعمار. وكانت تعتبر الثورة الجزائرية لدى قيامها عقبة لإستراتيجية الحلف الأطلسي. لكن بوادر التغيير بدأت تحدث، حسب المؤلف، بعد تدويل القضية الجزائرية سنة 1955، وساد اعتقاد بأن واشنطن ''لم تعد ترغب في أن تماثل نفسها مع فرنسا الاستعمارية''. وبالموازاة مع هذا التراجع، برز دور السيناتور الديمقراطي جون كينيدي الذي تحدث سنة 1957، عن شرعية تقرير مصير الشعب الجزائري.
وبعد الاستقلال قررت الإدارة الأمريكية تقديم إعانات للجزائر، بغرض وضع حد للنشاط السوفييتي. أبدى بعدها الرئيس أحمد بن بلة موافقته لزيارة واشنطن يوم 15 أكتوبر 1962، لكنه استجاب لدعوة الرئيس الكوبي فيدال كاسترو، بعد أربعة وعشرين ساعة فقط. وذلك ما أثار غضب الرئيس كينيدي، فبرزت حملة أمريكية لإلغاء زيارة الرئيس بن بلة، بعد ما كتبته صحيفة ''الدايلي نيوز'' يوم 9 أكتوبر، حيث اعتبرت أن ''استضافة متعاطف شيوعي'' ضرب من الجنون. ورغم ذلك زار الرئيس الجزائري واشنطن والتقى كينيدي يوم 15 أكتوبر.
لما غادر بن بلة البيت الأبيض ساوره إحساس بأنه ''اكتشف رجلا طيبا حقا''، لكنه لم يبد إعجابه بنمط العيش الأمريكي.
بعد أمريكا زار بن بلة كوبا في ظروف سياسية عسيرة، تميزت بتدهور العلاقات بين هافانا وواشنطن. فتحدث الرئيس الجزائري، الذي كان في واشنطن قبل أربع وعشرين ساعة عن: ''التقدم والتطور الجبار للثورة الكوبية، رغم مناورات القوات المناوئة''. وحسب المؤلف، فإن بن بلة عاتب كاسترو بخصوص الانحياز الكبير للاتحاد السوفييتي، فنصحه بإنهاء التوتر مع واشنطن.
ويذكر المؤلف أن الرئيس بن بلة، استمر في سياسته الخارجية القائمة على مساندة الحركات التحررية في العالم، فكان بمثابة مصدر قلق بالنسبة لواشنطن التي رحبت بانقلاب هواري بومدين في جوان 1965، وظنت أن الرئيس الجديد سوف يضع حدا لما أسمته ''المغامرة الجزائرية''، لكن بومدين لم يتراجع عن الخيارات الإيديولوجية للجزائر، فيما يخص السياسة الدولية، لكنه احتفظ بمبدأ التعاون الاقتصادي.
يذكر أن الترجمة العربية للكتاب، صدرت حديثا عن المركز الوطني للدراسات والبحث في الحركة الوطنية وثورة أول نوفمبر، وأنجزها سمير حشاني.

[دائمة الذكر]

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جزاك الله كل خير

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