معلومة من ذهب .. عن الذهب . [الأرشيف] - منتديات الشروق أونلاين

mustap

23-01-2011, 05:20 PM

معلومة من ذهب .. عن الذهب .

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معظم الذهب الذي تم
اكتشافه منذ 6000 عام لا يزال بحوزة الإنسان . ولو تم تجميع هذا الذهب وصهره فقد
يشكل مكعباً ضلعه 59 قدماً ووزنه 103.000 طن متري

الذهب هو أكثر المعادن
ليونة وطواعية يمكن سحب الأونصة الواحدة على شكل سلك طوله 5 أميال أو طرقها على
شكل صفيحة رقيقة للغاية حتى تغطي مساحة قدرها 100 قدم مربع

الذهب هو أكثر عناصر
العالم كثافة ، أنه أكثف من الحديد بمرتين ونصف المرة ومن الرصاص بضعفين . أن
قدماً مربعاً من الذهب يزن حوالي 1200 رطل

أن استخراج طن واحد في
المناجم يمكن الحصول من خلاله على أونصة واحدة من الذهب

أن البنك الاحتياطي
الاتحادي في مدينة نيويورك يختزن 12و.500 طن متري من الذهب قيمتها حوالي 144 مليار
دولار في خزنة تحت الأرض مساحتها نصف مساحة ملعب كرة القدم

ما تقدر قيمته 8 مليارات
طن قد ذابت في محيطات العالم، وأن هناك 35 ألف طن متري لا تزال موجودة في قشرة
الأرض

ما يزيد عن 19 طن من الذهب
يتم تصنيعها في خواتم الزفاف كل سنة

صناعة المجوهرات هي الأكثر
استخداماً للذهب بدون مقارنة اليوم، أن حوالي 2000 طن من الذهب استعملت في
صناعة المجوهرات عام 1990، بزيادة عن إنتاج المناجم الذي يبلغ حجمه 1734 طناً في
العالم العربي

في بعض الأحيان يتم
استخدام الرقائق الذهبية لعمل ديكور التورتة وغالباً ما يحدث هذا في اليابان

كلمة قيراط ( وهي كلمة
مستخدمة لوصف المجوهرات ) مشتقة من كلمات عربية ويونانية وإيطالية لوصف حبات شجرة
الخروب . وكانت حبوب شجرة الخروب تستخدم من قبل التجار كثقل عند بيع الذهب
والمجوهرات

ويستخدم الصائغ في الكشف
عن نقاوة عينة من الذهب 24 إبرة ذهبية تصل نقاوة الأولى إلى 1/24 من الأخيرة ويتم
اختيار العينة بواسطة خدشها على محك للذهب ثم مقارنة الخدش الناجم مع الخدوش
الناجمة عن الإبر . وعلى الرغم من استخدام المحكات والإبر للكشف عن نقاوة الذهب لم
يعد دارجا إلى أن نظام النقاوة لا يزال قائماً . وبهذا فإن الذهب من عيار 24 هو
ذهب نقي 100% والذهب عيار 18 هو عبارة عن 18 جزء ذهب و 6 أجزاء
من معادن أخرى ، وهكذا

أول إنتاج للذهب في
الولايات المتحدة كان في شمال كارولنيا وليس في كاليفورنيا وذلك في عام 1799 ثم
تلتها إنتاجيات أخرى في جو رجيا عام 1828

يعتبر منجم ( هوم ستيك )
في ليد ، جنوب داكوتا ، أقدم منجم للذهب في العالم ، فقد تم اكتشاف الذهب هناك
طوال الـ 115 عاماً الماضية

أكبر كتلة ذهب مكتشفة هي (
ويلكوم سترانجر ) والمكتشفة في أستراليا عام 1896 والتي تزن 2.280 أونصة

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