الأجهزة الأمنية في نظام فرعون مصر

[نبيل عزاب]

الأجهزة الأمنية في نظام فرعون مصر

الى جانب القوات النظامية المتعارف عليها توجد في مصر قوة شبه عسكرية تحت سيطرة وزارة الداخلية المصرية، وهي قوات الأمن المركزي، ويبلغ قوامها حوالي 250 ألف رجل تحت إشراف وزير الداخلية اللواء حبيب إبراهيم العادلي الذي يوصف بأنه قريب للرئيس مبارك. كما توجد قوات الحرس الجمهوري وهي قوات النخبة في الجيش المصري التي لا تأخذ أوامرها إلا من القائد الأعلى للقوات المسلحة، إلى جانب حرس الحدود التي تظل تابعة إلى وزارة الدفاع، هذه الأخيرة التي يترأسها أحد المقربين أيضا لمبارك وهو المشير محمد حسين طنطاوي، يضم أيضا مصالح التصنيع الحربي والتي تنسق مع قيادة الأركان التي يترأسها الفريق سامي عنان الذي كان في زيارة لواشنطن في إطار اللجنة المشتركة، وتلقى رسالة واضحة من القيادة العسكرية الأمريكية من خلال الجنرال جيمس كارترايت، بأن القائد الأعلى للقوات المسلحة ورئيس الجمهورية يظل حسني مبارك إلى إشعار آخر، وإلى جانب هذه النواة الرئيسية، فإن تشكيلات القوات العسكرية تضم أيضا مقربين لمبارك، لا سيما القوات الجوية التي لا يزال فيها مبارك قائدا شرفيا والتي يترأسها. الفريق جوي رضا محمود حافظ محمد وهو يشغل هذا المنصب منذ مارس 2008، إلى جانب الفريق جوي شاكر أحمد، فيما يترأس القوات البحرية اللواء بحري أركان حرب مهاب محمد حسين مميش.
إلا أن القوة الضاربة الأخرى التي تؤثر في صناعة القرار، فإنها تتشكل من مصالح المخابرات التي يترأسها رئيس المخابرات العامة اللواء عمر سليمان المعروف عنه سابقا بالولاء لرئيس الدولة ورفض الدخول في أية محاور داخلية أو التطلع لأية مواقع قيادية، وهو ما دفع العديد من المصالح الغربية إلى ترشيحه لخلافة مبارك، بالنظر للثقة التي يتمتع بها في واشنطن وتل أبيب منذ معالجته لملف محاولة اغتيال مبارك في أديس أبابا في 1995، وإلى جانب عمر سليمان هنالك عبد الفتاح سعيد السيسي مدير المخابرات العسكرية. وتنقسم مصالح المخابرات المصرية إلى مديرية المخابرات العامة ومديرية المخابرات الحربية، إضافة إلى المديرية العامة للأمن ومكاتب أمن الدولة الذي يتزعمه اللواء حسن عبد الرحمن، هذا الجهاز الذي أنشئ لضمان الأمن ومحاربة الإرهاب، سجل عدة تجاوزات وكان من بين الهيئات الأكثر استهدافا في الاحتجاجات الأخيرة، وتنقسم إدارة المخابرات العامة إلى ثلاثة فروع: هي المخابرات العامة المكلفة بالاستعلامات الخارجية ومحاربة الجوسسة ومباحث أمن الدولة المكلفة بالتحقيقات في مجال مكافحة الإرهاب ومحاربة التيارات التي يعتبرها متطرفة، وقمع الجريمة المنظمة، وأخيرا المخابرات العسكرية المكلفة بحماية القوات العسكرية.
هذه الأجهزة وضعت جلها لخدمة نظام سياسي بني على التوازن بين مصالح القوة الأمنية والمصالح الاقتصادية الكبرى، خاصة بعد الانفتاح الاقتصادي منذ الثمانينات وتكرس مع التسعينات، وهو ما ضمن للنظام الاستمرارية إلى جانب الدعم الخارجي ممثلا في الإدارة الأمريكية وتحجيم الحركات الإسلامية .

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