عالم الجغرافيا العربي الادرسي

[أبو محمود]

أبو الحسن محمد بن إدريس الحموي، الحسني، الطالبي، اشتهر بالجغرافيا والنبات والفلك والطب والفلسفة والأدب، ولد في سبتة سنة 493 هجرية وتوفي فيها سنة 560 هجرية.



سيرتــــــــــــــــــــــــــــه


هو أبو الحسن محمد بن إدريس الحموي، الحسني، الطالبي، المعروف بالشريف الإدريسي، من نسل الأدارسة الحمويين. وهو من أكابر علماء الجغرافيا والرحالة العرب، وله مشاركة في التاريخ، والأدب، والشعر، وعلم النبات. ولد في سبته سنة 493 هـ، وتوفي فيها، على الأرجح، سنة 560. نشأ وتثقف في قرطبة، ومن هنا نعته بالقرطبي، فأتقن فيها دراسة الهيئة، والفلسفة، والطب، والنجوم، والجغرافيا، والشعر.

طاف بلداناً كثيرة في الأندلس، والمغرب، والبرتغال، ومصر. وقد يكون عرف سواحل أوروبا الغربية من فرنسا وإنكلترا، كما عرف القسطنطينية وسواحل آسيا الصغرى. وانتهى إلى صقلية، فاستقر في بلاط صاحبها، روجه الثاني النورماني، المعروف عند العرب باسم رجار، في بالرم، ومن هنا تلقينه بالصقلي. فاستعان به رجار، وكان من العلماء المعدودين في صنع دائرة الأرض من الفضة ووضع تفسير لها. ويبدو أن الإدريسي ترك صقلية في أواخر أيامه، وعاد إلى بلدته سبته حيث توفي.

ألف الإدريسي كتابه المشهور (نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق) والمسمى أيضاً (كتاب رجار) أو (الكتاب الرجاري) وذلك لأن الملك رجار ملك صقلية هو الذي طلب منه تأليفه كما طلب منه صنع كرة من الفضة منقوش عليها صورة الأقاليم السبعة، ويقال أن الدائرة الفضية تحطمت في ثورة كانت في صقلية، بعد الفراغ منها بمدة قصيرة، وأما الكتاب فقد غدا من أشهر الآثار الجغرافية العربية، أفاد منه الأوروبيون معلومات جمة عن بلاد المشرق، كما أفاد منه الشرقيون، فأخذ عنه الفريقان ونقلوا خرائطه، وترجموا بعض أقسامه إلى مختلف لغاتهم.

في السنة التي وضع فيها الإدريسي كتابه المعروف، توفي الملك رجار فخلفه غليام أو غليوم الأول، وظل الإدريسي على مركزه في البلاط، فألف للملك كتاباً آخر في الجغرافيا سمّاه (روض الأنس ونزهة النفس) أو (كتاب الممالك والمسالك)، لم يعرف منه إلا مختصر مخطوط موجود في مكتبة حكيم أوغلو علي باشا باسطنبول. وذكر للإدريسي كذلك كتاب في المفردات سماه (الجامع لصفات أشتات النبات)، كما ذكر له كتاب آخر بعنوان (انس المهج وروض الفرج).

[karima.t]

بارك الله فيك

[دائمة الذكر]

جزاك الله كل خير
http://up.g4z4.com/uploads/5ec9b16daa.bmp
مَوّلاي إنّي ببابك قَد بَسطتُ يَدي..
مَن لي ألوذ به ألاك يا سَندي؟
أقُوم بالليّل و الأسّحار سَاجيةٌ
أدّعُو و هَمّسُ دعائي.. بالدموع نَدى
بنُور وجهك إني عائذ و جل..
ومن يعذ بك لَن يَشّقى إلى الأبد..
مَهما لقيت من الدُنيا و عَارضها..
فَأنّتَ لي شغل عمّا يَرى جَسدي..
تَحّلو مرارة عيش في رضاك..
و مَا أطيق سخطاَ على عيش من الرغد..
من لي سواك..؟ و من سواك يرى قلبي؟
و يسمَعُه كُل الخلائق ظل في يد الصَمد..
أدّعوك يَاربّ فأغّفر ذلّتي كَرماً..
و أجّعَل شفيع دعائي حُسن معُتَقدّي
و أنّظُر لحالي..في خَوّف و في طَمع..
هَلّ يرحم العَبّد بعد الله من أحد؟
مَوّلاي إنّي ببابك قَد بَسطتُ يَدي..
مَن لي ألوذ به ألاك يا سَندي؟

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