تعريف الدكتاتور [الأرشيف] - منتديات الشروق أونلاين

fethi23

06-02-2011, 09:51 PM

الدكتاتور هو من يحكم بدون شورى
الدكتاتوريه
الدكتاتورية هي شكل من أشكال الحكم تكون فيه السلطة مطلقة في يد فرد واحد (دكتاتور) وكلمة دكتاتورية من الفعل (dictate) أي يملي والمصدر dictation اي إملاء وهنالك استخدامين لمفهوم الدكتاتورية:

الاستخدام الأول :الدكتاتور الروماني وقد كان منصبا سياسيا في حقبة الجمهورية الرومانية القديمة وقد اختص الدكتاتور الروماني بسلطة مطلقة زمن الطوارئ، وقد كان عليه أن يحصل على تشريع مسبق من مجلس الشيوخ بمنحه هذا المنصب.
الاستخدام الثاني: وهو المعاصر للكلمة والذي يشير إلى شكل من الحكم المطلق لفرد واحد دون التقيد بالدستور أو القوانين(تعديلها لتتماشي مع ماصالحه) أو أي عامل سياسي أو اجتماعي داخل الدولة التي يحكمها.
في فترة ما بين الحربين العالميتين
ظهرت في تللك الفترة عدد من الأنظمة السياسية التي وصفت من قبل اصحاب المذهب الليبرالي بالدكتاتورية مثل الأنظمة الفاشية في إيطاليا وألمانيا و النظام الشيوعي في الاتحاد السوفييتي السابق ، حيث اتسمت تلك الأنظمة حسب الليبراليين بسمات الدكتاتورية مثل نظام الحزب الواحد ، تعبئة الجماهير بايدولوجيا النظام الحـاكم ، السيطرة على وسائل الاعلام و تحويلها إلى بوق للدعاية لصالح النظام ، توجيه النشاط الاقتصادي و الاجتماعي للجماهير توجها ايدولوجيا لصالح النظام الحاكم و الاستخدام التعسفي لقوة الأجهزة الأمنية من اجل ترويع المواطنين .
الدكتاتورية مـا بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية
يرى اصحاب المذهب الليبرالي ان الدكتاتورية فيما بعد انتهاء الحرب العالمية الثانية أصبحت ملمحا بارزا في العديد من دول العالم الثالث حديثة الاستقلال و التي غلب على اشكال الحكم في معظمها الطابع العسكري كما ان الدول ذات أنظمة الحكم الشيوعية والاشتراكية اعتبرت دكتاتوريات أيضا من وجهة نظر اللبيراليين . وقد احتجوا في ذلك لغياب الاستقرار السياسي عن الكثير من هذه الدول و شيوع الانقلابات العسكرية و الاضطرابات السياسية فيها فضلا عن ظهور مشكلات تتعلق بمسألة الخلافة على السلطة .

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