حكم الإحتفال بالمولد النبوي الشريف

[نبيل عزاب]

حكم الإحتفال بالمولد النبوي الشريف

يُحيي المسلمون ذِكرى مولده صلّى الله عليه وسلّم بتجديد صورتها في الواقع، وقد استدل كثير من العلماء بجملة من الأدلة الشّرعية منها ما ذكره الإمام الحافظ ابن حجر العسقلاني في كتابه ''فتح الباري لشرح صحيح البخاري'' تعليقًا على حديث صيام يوم عاشوراء، لمّا دخل النّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم المدينة فوجد فيها اليهود تصوم يوم عاشوراء فسألهم فقالوا له: هو اليوم الّذي أنجى الله فيه موسى من فرعون، فقال صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: ''نحنُ أولى بموسى منكم''، فقال الحافظ ابن حجر ''وإذا نظرنا ما مَنَّ الله به على العالم بمولده صلّى الله عليه وآله وسلّم وجدنا أنّ هذا الميلاد أعظم النِّعَم المستحقة للشُّكر''، والحديث أخرجه البخاري ومسلم وأبو داود. واستدلّ العلامة الفقيه ابن الحاج الفاسي في كتابه ''المدخل'' مُستدلاً بما رواه مسلم وأبو داود أنّ النّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم سُئِل عن صيام يوم الاثنين فقال ''هو اليوم الّذي وُلِدتُ فيه''، فهذا أصلٌ يُرجع إليه لمشروعية الفرح بمولده صلّى الله عليه وسلّم. واستدلّ الحافظ السيوطي في كتابه ''الحاوي للفتاوي'' بما رواه البخاري في التاريخ وابن كثير والبغوي والبيهقي وابن هشام والشيباني أنّه يُخفّف عن أبي لهب كلُّ يوم اثنين بسبب عتقه لثويبة جاريته لمّا أخبرتْهُ بولادة سيّدنا محمّد صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، هذا مع كُفره، فما بالُك بالمؤمن يفرَح ويحتفل بمولده صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، وكما قال تعالى: {قُلْ بِفَضْلِ اللهِ وَبِرَحْمَتِهِ فَبِذَلِكَ فَلْيَفْرَحُوا}. ولا شكّ أنّ أعظَم رحمة هو سيّدنا محمّد صلّى الله عليه وسلّم كما قال تعالى: {وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلاَّ رَحْمَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ}، فبذلك فليفرَحوا.
ونقل بعض أهل العِلم مُستدلاً بالحديث الصحيح الّذي رواه أصحاب السنن في فضل الجمعة قوله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ''فيه خُلِق آدم''. وبإجماع العلماء فإنّ سيّدنا محمّد صلّى الله عليه وسلّم أفضل من سيّدنا آدم عليه السّلام.
ومولده صلّى الله عليه وسلّم يوم فرح وسرور، بل إنّ ذِكرى مولده صلّى الله عليه وسلّم تثبيت للفؤاد بمدارسة سيرته وذِكر أخلاقِه وشمائله كما قال تعالى: {وَكُلاًّ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ أَنْبَاءِ الرُّسُلِ ما نُثَبِّتُ بِهِ فُؤَادَك}، بل هو من أيّام الله الّتي لابُدّ من تذكّرها واستغلال مناسبتها لمدارسة سيرته وربط الأمّة بأخلاقه ومنهجه صلّى الله عليه وسلّم كما قال تعالى: {وَذَكِّرِهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ الله}، فكلّ يوم يُطاع فيه ويُعظّم فيه الدِّين فهو من أيّام الله، وكما قال الحافظ العراقي ''إنّ اتّخاذ الوليمة وإطعام الطعام مُستحب في كلّ وقت، فكيف إذا انضمّ إلى ذلك الفرح والسرور بظهور نور النّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم في هذا الشهر الشّريف، ولا يلزم من كونه بدعة كونه مكروهًا، فكم من بدعة مستحبة بل قد تكون واجبة''. وقال الحافظ السَّخاوي: ''ولا يزال أهل الإسلام من سائر الأقطار والمدن يعملون المولد، ويتصدّقون في لياليه بأنواع الصّدقات، ويعتنون بقراءة مولده الكريم، ويظهر عليهم من بركاته كلّ فضل عميم''.
وقال الحافظ ابن الجوزي ''ومن خواتمه (أي المولد) أنّه أمان في ذلك العام وبُشرَى عاجلة بنيل البغية والمرام''. وقال شيخ الإسلام أحمد بن زيني دحلان المكي في كتابه ''الدرر السنية''.. ''ومن تعظيمه صلّى الله عليه وسلّم الفرح بليلة ولادته وقراءة المولد''.
بل قال العلامة الفقيه شيخ الإسلام السابق في تركستان ''إنّ الاحتفال بذِكرى المولد النّبويّ الشّريف أصبَح واجبًا أساسيًا لمواجهة ما استجدّ من الاحتفالات الضّارة في هذه الأيّام''. ولكن يُشترط في الاحتفال أن لا يشتمل على مُحرّم ومنكر، أمّا إذا اشتمل على شيء ممّا يجب الإنكار عليه كاختلاط الرِّجال والنِّساء وارتكاب المحرّمات وكثـرة الإسراف ممّا لا يرضى به صاحب المولد الشّريف صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فهذا لا شك في تحريمه ومنعه لما اشتمل عليه من المحرّمات، ولكن تحريمه حينئذ يكون عارضيًا لا ذاتيًا كما لا يخفى على مَن تأمَّل ذلك.

[دائمة الذكر]

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