التحالفات القبلية في نظام مجنون ليبيا

[نبيل عزاب]

التحالفات القبلية في نظام مجنون ليبيا

يقوم النظام الليبي الذي يتزعمه معمر المجنون على أساس تحالفات قبلية أكثر منها سياسية، نظام معمر القذافي يقوم على تحالف ثلاث قبائل ‬كبيرة ‬وهي: ‬القذاذفة ‬والتي ‬ينحدر ‬منها ‬معمر ‬القذافي، ‬وقبيلة ‬الورفلة، ‬بالإضافة ‬إلى ‬قبيلة ‬المقارحة.‬
ـ قبيلة الورفلة: وتعد أكبر القبائل الليبية عددا وانتشارا جغرافيا ويبلغ عدد سكانها نحو مليون نسمة، وتتميز علاقات أفرادها بترابط اجتماعي وولاء قبلي متين وتتركز خاصة في غرب ليبيا، أين تقع مدينة بنغازي التي تعد مركزا أساسيا لتصدير الغاز والنفط التي انطلقت منها شرارة الثورة الليبية، كما أن تحالف هذه القبيلة مع ثورة الفاتح سبتمر 1969 هيأ الظروف لتوغل أفرادها في مختلف مؤسسات الدولة المدنية والتحكم في الكثير من المناصب السياسية والعسكرية، وسبق لقبيلة الورفلة أن ثارت ضد نظام القذافي وقادت بمساعدة أبنائها الضباط الذين كانوا منتشرين فى الجيش وقتها عملية عسكرية فاشلة بعد اغتيال حسن إشكال الذي يعد أحد قادتها البارزين، وتعرض هؤلاء الضباط للقتل والسجن والتضييق عليهم، وهذا ما يفسر عدم ثقة القذافي في الجيش، ولكن قبيلة الورفله عادت لتعلن انضمامها إلى انتفاضة الشعب الليبي.‬
ـ قبيلة القذاذفة: وهي القبيلة الأساسية المهيمنة على السلطة في ليبيا ومنها ينحدر معمر القذافي، ومركزها الرئيسي في منطقة سبها وسط ليبيا التي يفوق عدد سكانها 126 ألف نسمة، وتعد من أكثر القبائل تسليحا ويعتمد القذافي على أبنائه وأبناء قبيلته في حماية نظامه من المحاولات الانقلابية، ولهذا قرر حل الجيش تحت مسمى "الشعب المسلح" كبديل، ويعود ذلك إلى محاولة الانقلاب الأولى التي قام بها عمر عبد الله المحيشي عضو مجلس قيادة الثورة الذي أعدم لاحقاً، وسعى القذافي بالمقابل الى تعزيز دور الميليشيات وقوات الأمن الخاصة التي يرأسها أبناؤه أو أفراد قبيلته المتعصبون له، وهو ما أشار إليه سيف الإسلام القذافي عندما تحدث عن عشرات الألوف من الليبيين يتقاطرون على طرابلس لحماية زعيمهم، لكن أفرادا من قبيلة القذاذفة، خاصة في مدينة بنغازي تبرأوا من القذافي.
قبيلة المقارحة: وتعد ثالث أهم قبيلة في ليبيا وتتركز بالمنطقة الغربية ويتزعمها عبد السلام جلود، الرجل الثاني في نظام القذافي قبل أن يبعد عن السلطة في 1993، وتعد قبيلة المقارحة من أكثر القبائل الليبية تسليحا، ورغم أنها مازالت موالية لنظام القذافي، إلا أنها من ‬المتوقع ‬انضمامها ‬للانتفاضة ‬في ‬أي ‬لحظة.‬
وإلى جانب القذاذفة والمقارحة والورفلة، توجد الكثير من القبائل الأخرى والأقل عددا وتأثيرا على غرار قبائل التوارق في الجنوب والتي انضمت للثورة وهاجمت مقرات تابعة لنظام القذافي، وكذلك قبيلة الزنتان وقد سبقت بالانضمام للثورة.

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