القرار الأممي رقم 1973 بشأن ليبيا

[نبيل عزاب]

القرار الأممي رقم 1973 بشأن ليبيا

تبنى مجلس الأمن الدولي مساء الخميس بأغلبية كبيرة القرار رقم 1973 الذي يقضي بفرض منطقة حظر جوي فوق ليبيا، واتخاذ كافة الإجراءات الضرورية لحماية المدنيين، وأهم ما تضمنه القرار ما يلي:
حظر كل رحلات الطيران فوق الأجواء الليبية بهدف حماية المدنيين، على أن تستثنى رحلات الإمدادات الإنسانية.
ومطالبة كل الدول الأعضاء بعدم السماح لأي طائرة ليبية -بما في ذلك الرحلات التجارية- بالهبوط أو الإقلاع من أراضيها.
ودعوة كل الدول الأعضاء إلى "اتخاذ كافة الإجراءات الضرورية" لحماية المدنيين والمناطق السكنية التي تواجه تهديدا في ليبيا بما في ذلك بنغازي، في الوقت الذي يستبعد فيه القرار إرسال قوة احتلال بأي شكل على أي جزء من الأراضي الليبية.
ومن الجدير بالذكر أن استخدام عبارة "كافة الإجراءات الضرورية" ينطوي على القيام بإجراء منفرد من جانب دولة أو بالتنسيق مع منظمات، بما في ذلك استخدام القوة العسكرية لحماية المدنيين.
وطالب القرار كذلك بوقف فوري لإطلاق النار، وهو ما يمكن أن يسمح معه -إلى جانب منطقة حظر الطيران- بعمليات قصف جوي لحماية المدنيين من القوات الموالية لمجنون ليبيا.
كما طالب القرار ليبيا بضمان "مرور سريع وبدون عراقيل للمساعدات الإنسانية".
ودعا القرار كذلك إلى تطبيق أقوى لحظر الأسلحة الذي شمله القرار الأممي السابق رقم 1970، ويضيف أسماء أشخاص وشركات وهيئات أخرى إلى قائمة الحظر من السفر وتجميد الأصول.
وبحسب القرار فإن التجميد المفروض على الأصول ينطبق على كل الأموال والأصول المالية والموارد الاقتصادية التي يملكها أو يديرها نظام المجنون -بصورة مباشرة أو غير مباشرة- في أراضي الدول الأعضاء بالأمم المتحدة.
وطالب القرار بتجميد أصول المؤسسة الوطنية للنفط الليبية والبنك المركزي الليبي بسبب صلاتهما بالمجنون .
ويطلب القرار من الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة إنشاء لجنة من ثمانية أعضاء من الخبراء لمساعدة لجنة مجلس الأمن في مراقبة العقوبات، كما يطلب من الدول الأعضاء التنسيق فيما بينها، ومع الأمين العام لضمان تنفيذ هذا القرار.

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