الدول المشاركة في فجر أوديسا

[نبيل عزاب]

الدول المشاركة في فجر أوديسا

بعد أن أصدر مجلس الأمن الدولي قراره رقم 1973القاضي بفرض منطقة حظر جوي فوق ليبيا، واتخاذ كافة الإجراءات الضرورية لحماية المدنيين، تداعت دول غربية وعربية وأحلاف عسكرية لتنفيذ القرار الأممي.
وأطلقت الدول المشاركة في تنفيذ القرار اسم فجر أوديسا على العمليات التي بدأت بتاريخ 19 مارس2011.
وفيما يلي سرد للدول المشاركة والدول التي عرضت المشاركة وعتادها والعمليات التي نفذت منذ بدء الهجمات وحتى 23 مارس2011.
دول نفذت عمليات
الولايات المتحدة: تمتلك طائرات من طراز "أف 15" و"أف 16" في قاعدة "سيغونيلا" بجزيرة صقلية، وسترسل حاملة المروحيات "باتان" وسفينتي دعم إلى البحر المتوسط لتحل محل سفن أخرى، فضلاً عن امتلاكها مدمرتين في شرق المتوسط، هما "باري" و"ستاوت"، وكلتاهما مجهزة بصواريخ "توماهوك".
فرنسا: تملك مائة طائرة مطاردة، من طراز "رافال" و"ميراج" 2000، وطائرات "رادار أواكس"، وتوجد حاملة مروحيات من طراز "ميسترال" في المنطقة، ووضعت القواعد الجوية في كورسيكا وتشاد في حالة استنفار، وربما تستخدمها "نقطتي" تموين، كما ترسل حاملة الطائرات "شارل ديغول"، الموجودة حاليا جنوبي فرنسا، نحو السواحل الليبية.
بريطانيا: نشرت طائرات قتال من طراز "تورنيدو" و"يوروفايتر"، المعروفة باسم "تايفون" في القواعد القريبة من ليبيا، وتوجد في قبرص ثلاث طائرات "رادار أواكس"، ولها قاعدة عسكرية في مالطا، لكنها رفضت استخدامها في العمليات، وتجوب حاليا فرقاطتان المتوسط، هما "ستمينستر" و"كمبرلاند".
دول عرضت المساهمة
إيطاليا: عرضت استخدام سبع قواعد جوية، أهمها في صقلية.
إسبانيا: وعدت بتقديم "موارد بحرية وجوية"، واستخدام قاعدة "روتا" البحرية الجوية، التي تقدم دعما للقوات الأميركية وحلف شمال الأطلسي، وتقع قرب مضيق جبل طارق وقاعدة "مورون" جنوب إشبيلية التي تستخدمها قوات الجو الإسبانية والأميركية.
بلجيكا: أعربت عن استعدادها للمشاركة، متحدثة عن احتمال نشر 4-6 طائرات "أف 16"، ناشطة حاليا في إطار "الناتو"، وسفينة لتفكيك الألغام.
الدانمارك: اقترحت المساهمة بست طائرات مطاردة "أف 16"، وطائرة نقل.
النرويج: وعدت بمساهمة دون تحديد طبيعتها، وعلى الأرجح ستقدم طائرات نقل من طراز "هركيوليس"، وأخرى مقاتلة من طراز "أف-16".
الناتو
يمتلك حلف شمال الأطلسي طائرات المراقبة "أواكس" الموجودة في منطقة المتوسط، وتحلق يوميا على مدار الساعة منذ أسبوع، ومؤخرا، نشر الحلف ثلاث سفن في المنطقة نفسها، وينشر قوة لتفكيك الألغام غير بعيدة عن المنطقة.
دول عربية:
مصر: ستخصص قاعدة مرسى مطروح الجوية القريبة من ليبيا محطة للتزود بالوقود.
السعودية: سترسل طائرة مراقبة "أواكس" وأخرى لتجهيز الوقود.
الإمارات: سترسل سربين من الطائرات المقاتلة، فضلاً عن طائرات "أباتشي" و"شينوك" وطواقمها في البحث والإنقاذ.
قطر: ستنقل تجهيزات وقوات عبر أسطولها من طائرات "سي 17" و"سي 30"، وأرسلت طائرات إغاثة.

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