كيف اشترى مجنون ليبيا أصدقاءه؟

[نبيل عزاب]

كيف اشترى مجنون ليبيا أصدقاءه؟

تمكن مجنون ليبليا طيلة فترة حكمه من شراء الأصدقاء والألقاب التي تتيح له أن يقدم نفسه كزعيم سياسي على مستوى القارة الأفريقية وبطريقة جلبت له المشاكل أكثر من المنافع.

هذا باختصار ما قدمته الكاتبة الصحفية إليزابيث ديكنسون في مقالة نشرتها مجلة فورين بوليسي تحت عنوان "ملوك العقيد".

فقد لخصت الكاتبة السياسة التي اتبعها مجنون ليبيا لكسب الأصدقاء بشقين اثنين الترغيب عبر غدق الأموال أو الترهيب عبر إثارة الاضطرابات الداخلية تحت مسمى الثورات حتى أن الأمر وصل به لتدخل عسكري مباشر كما جرى في تشاد.

وتوضح الكاتبة، أحاط المجنون نفسه في القارة الأفريقية بقوة سياسية تتكون من طامحين للمناصب أو متمردين وفر لهم السلاح والتدريب، وتوسع الأمر وصولا إلى قادة دول سعوا للحصول على صداقته تجنبا لمعاداته التي قد تقود بلدانهم إلى حروب أهلية.

وعزت الكاتبة هذه التصرفات إلى طبيعة المجنون الطامح لتقديم نفسه كزعيم وثائر أفريقي قبل أن ينتقل ليطلق على نفسه لقب ملك الملوك.

وتضيف الكاتبة أن المجنون عندما وصل إلى السلطة بانقلاب عسكري عام 1969 كانت الأجواء الأفريقية مهيأة لتقبل هذه الشخصية بالتزامن مع رغبة القارة السمراء بالتحرر والاستقلال لتلتقي بهذا التوجه مع أحلام المجنون لأن يكون في ليبيا كما كان الرئيس المصري حينذاك جمال عبد الناصر قوميا مناهضا للاستعمار وثائرا على النظم القديمة.

وفي هذا السياق، أغلق المجنون بلاده بوجه التأثيرات الغربية وحارب بلا هوادة الولايات المتحدة وبريطانيا تحديدا تارة بالخطابات النارية وتارة بالعمليات "الإرهابية" مثل تفجير طائرة بان أميركان فوق لوكربي الإسكتلندية وتسليح مجموعات الجيش الجمهوري الإيرلندي.

وكان جليا للعيان أن لا حدود لمغامرات المجنون وحماسه الثوري في أفريقيا فقد تحول خلال السنوات الخمس الأولى من بداية حكمه لليبيا إلى مساند لحركات التمرد التي كان يغدق عليها عطاياه ثم يتخلى عنها حالما يجد بدائل له أكثر قوة وتقبلا مع أفكاره الثورية.

وخصص المجنون لهذه التوجهات موارد النفط الطائلة لشراء حركات التمرد في أفريقيا والعديد من الشخصيات الطامحة للزعامة في بلدانها وغالبيتهم من الطامعين في المال أكثر من الطامحين للعمل الثوري.

بيد أن ذلك لم يكن يعني بالضروة بقاء المجنون حليفا ثابتا موثوقا به لأن التاريخ أثبت قدرته العجيبة على التنقل بين الحركات المتمردة بطريقة تستدعي الاستغراب.

فقد كان المجنون -تشرح الكاتبة- يدعم قادة الحركات المتمردة لفترة محددة ثم يدفع لمن يغتالهم كما فعل -بحسب قول الكاتبة ديكنسون- مع توماس سانكارا في بوركينافاسو، وغزوه تشاد التي تتمتع ليبيا معها حاليا بعلاقات دبلوماسية جيدة.

بيد أن السجل الأخطر لصداقات المجنون كانت في ليبريا وسيراليون اللتين دخلتا بحروب أهلية تخللتها مجازر دامية استمرت منذ العام 1990 وحتى 2003 بفضل دعم المجنون لتشارلز تايلر في ليبيريا ولفودي سانكوه في سيراليون.

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