حسني مبارك

[ابودارين]

حسني مبارك

http://www.aljazeera.net/mritems/images/2006/9/22/1_644965_1_23.jpg حسني مبارك (رويترز-أرشيف)عسكري وسياسي مصري تولى رئاسة مصر في 1981 بعد اغتيال الرئيس الراحل أنور السادات ليحكم البلاد على مدى ثلاثة عقود في ظل قانون الطوارئ قبل أن ينهار حكمه تحت وطأة ثورة شعبية.
المولد والنشأة: ولد محمد حسني مبارك في 4 مايو/ يار 1928 في كفر المصيلحة التباع لمحافظة المنوفية بمنطقة الدلتا.
الدراسة والتكوين: بعد انهاء تعليمه في مراحله الأولى والثانوية التحق مبارك بالكلية العسكرية في مصر التي حصل منها على شهادة البكالوريوس في العلوم العسكرية عام 1948, ثم على
حصل على درجة البكالوريوس في العلوم الجوية عام 1950 من كلية سلاح الطيران.
الوظائف والمسؤوليات: تدرج مبارك في السلم الوظيفي سريعا فعين عام 1964 قائدا لإحدى القواعد الجوية غرب القاهرة ليكون بذلك أصغر طيار يقود قاعدة جوية, وفي عام 1964 ترأس الوفد العسكري المصري إلى الاتحاد السوفياتي السابق حيث درس في أكاديمية فرونز العسكرية.

وفي العام 1967 عُين مديرا للكلية الحربية، ثم رئيسا لأركان حرب القوات الجوية المصرية, وهو المنصب الذي ظل يشغله حتى تعيينه قائدا للقوات الجوية ونائبا لوزير الدفاع عام 1972.

وتولى قيادة القوات الجوية المصرية أثناء حرب أكتوبر/تشرين الأول 1973 حيث رقي بعدها لمنصب فريق جوي.
التجربة السياسية: انتقل عام 1975 من الحياة العسكرية إلى معترك السياسية عندما اختاره الرئيس أنور السادات نائبا لرئيس الجمهورية، ثم عُين نائبا لرئيس الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي الحاكم عام 1978.

وفي أكتوبر/تشرين الأول أصبح رئيسا للجمهورية وزعيما للحزب الوطني الديمقراطي عقب اغتيال أنور السادات, وأعيد انتخابه في استفتاء على الرئاسة في أعوام 1987 و1993 و1999.

كما أعيد انتخابه لفترة ولاية جديدة عام 2005 في أول انتخابات رئاسية تعددية تشهدها مصر عقب إجراء تعديل دستوري، لتكون فترة حكمه بذلك واحدة من أطول فترات الحكم في المنطقة العربية.
وجهت إليه انتقادات عنيفة من قبل حركات معارضة سياسية في مصر، مثل الإخوان المسلمين وحركة كفاية لتمسكه بالحكم خاصة قبل التجديد الأخير عام 2005.
تعرض حسني مبارك في فترة رئاسته الطويلة لمصر لمحاولة اغتيال نجا منها في العاصمة الإثيوبية أديس أبابا عام 1995.
سقوطه: سقط نظام حسني مبارك في 11 فبراير/شباط 2011 تحت وقع ثورة شعبية انطلقت في 25 يناير/كانون الثاني 2011 أجبرته عن التنحي عن منصب رئاسة الجمهورية ونقل صلاحياته إلى الجيش, وانتقل ليقيم بمنطقة شرم الشيخ على البحر الأحمر.
المصدر: الجزيرة

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