هل لديك فكرة عن جهاز المناعة

[ربيع الجزائر]

جهاز المناعة (Immune system)

جهاز المناعة ليس كباقي الأجهزة الموجودة بالجسم مثل الجهاز الهضمي أو الجهاز التناسلي أو الجهاز التنفسي ........


الجهاز المناعي
هو خلايا تنتشر بكافة أنحاء الجسم مصدرها نخاع العظم حيث ينتج بالدقيقة الواحدة 80 مليون خلية
تنتشر تلك الخلايا في الأنسجة عند طريق الأوعية الدموية لتبدأ مهمتها الدفاعية ضد الأخطار التي يتعرض لها جسم الانسان


جهاز المناعة في جسم الإنسان جهاز دفاعي دقيق التخصص،
بواسطته يستطيع الإنسان أن يحيا في البيئة الطبيعية
المليئة بالعناصر المهاجمة لجسده. ووظيفة جهاز المناعة هو
التعرف على أية مادة غريبة تدخل الجسم و تهاجمه والعمل على
التخلص منها، وعادة ما تكون هذه المادة ضارة بالجسم مثل
الميكروبات.


* ويتضمن جهاز المناعة كلا من المناعة الطبيعية والمناعة
المكتسبة:

* المناعة الطبيعية: تعتمد على خصائص في تكوين الجسم تحجز أو
تطرد أو توقف ضرر الميكروبات، مثل: الطبقة القرنية من بشرة
الجلد، وما عليها من إفرازات العرق والدهون، والبطانة الداخلية
المهدبة التي تبطن الأجهزة المختلفة مثل الجهاز التنفسي،
وإفرازات الجسم مثل الدموع والمخاط والعصارات الحمضية وبعض
الأنزيمات، وخلايا الدم البيضاء التي تلتهم الميكروب أو تقتلها.

وتدعم العوامل الوراثية والرضاعة الطبيعية للمواليد المقاومة
الطبيعية في الإنسان، لأنه من المعروف أن تغذية الطفل منذ أولى
ساعات ولادته على لبن الأم تمنحه مناعة طبيعية لاحتوائه على بعض
الأجسام المضادة وبخاصة لبن السرسوب الذي يفرزه ثدي الأم بعد
الولادة وينصح الأطباء الاكتفاء بلبن الأم دون أية إضافات خارجية
لمدة 6 اشهر يمكن بعدها إعطاء بعض الأغذية بالتدريج.
كما أن التغذية الكاملة المتوازنة، والراحة والنوم تساعد على
تقوية الجهاز المناعي الطبيعي للجسم. ويضعف التعرض للإشعاعات
وتناول المخدرات والكحوليات والتدخين من المقاومة الطبيعية
للجسم.

* المناعة المكتسبة: تنشأ بعد تعرض الإنسان للإصابة بالمرض حيث
يقوم الجسم بتكوين أجسام مضادة للميكروب، بواسطة نوع من الخلايا
الدموية البيضاء (الليمفاوية) حتى تنشط الجهاز المناعي.
هذا إلى جانب المناعة المكتسبة عن طريق اللقاح، الذي يحث الجسم
على تكوين أجسام مضادة أو عن طريق حقن الإنسان بمصل يحتوى على
الأجسام المضادة.

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