عندما نطلق كلمة (السلف)

[بذرة خير]

الحمد لله ربِّ العالمين والصلاة والسَّلام على نبينا محمدٍ وآله وصحبه أجمعين، أما بعدُ
.. فأشير إلى بعض قواعد المنهج وأصول المنهج السلفي . قال شيخنا العلاَّمة المحقِّق محمد أمان بن علي الجامي (ت 1416هـ) رحمه الله، في كتابه النَّافع المفيد الماتع (الصفات الإلهية) (ص 57- وما بعدها) من (المبحث الخامس):”…عندما نطلق كلمة (السلف)؛ إنما نعني بها من الناحية الاصطلاحية: أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، الذين حضروا عصره، فأخذوا منه هذا الدين مباشرةً غضَّاً طرياً في أصوله وفروعه.

كما يدخلُ في هذا الاصطلاح: التابعون لهم، الذين ورثوا علمهم قبل أن يطول عليه الأمد، والذين شملتهم شهادة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم لهم وثناؤه عليهم بأنهم (خير الناس) حيث قال (خير الناس قرني ثم الذين يلونهم ثم الذين يلونهم).

كما يشمل الاصطلاح تابعي التابعين : وهو لفظٌ مصطلحٌ عليه، وقد ظهر هذا الاصطلاح واشتهر حين ظهر النِّزاع ودار حول أصول الدين بين الفرق الكلامية، وحاول الجميع الانتساب إلى السَّلف، وأعلن أنَّ ما هو عليه: هو ما كان عليه السَّلف الصَّالح.


فإذاً لابدَّ أن تظهرَ- والحالةُ هذه- أُسسُ وقواعد واضحة المعالم وثابتة للاتِّجاه السَّلفي، حتى لا يلتبس الأمر على كل من يريد الاقتداء بهم، وينسج على منوالهم، ويمكنُ إيجازُ تلك القواعد فيما يلي:


القاعدة الأولى: تقديم النَّقل على العقل : ولكن تقريرنا بأن النَّقل مقدم على العقل لا ينبغي أن يفهم منه أنَّ السَّلف يُنكرون العقل والتوصل به إلى المعارف، والتفكير به في خلق السموات والأرض وفي الآيات الكونية الكثيرة، (لا)، ولكنهم لا يسلكون في استعمال العقل الطريقة التي سلكها علماء الكلام في الاستدلال بالعقل وحده في المطالب الإلهية….بل إن السَّلف من منهجهم: لا يدعون التعارض بين الدَّليلين، بل ينفون هذا التعارض الذي يصطنعه علماء الكلام المتأثرون بفلسفة اليونان…

وبالاختصار: إنَّ السَّلف إنما يُقدِّمون الأدلة النقلية على الأدلة العقلية إيماناً منهم بأنَّ الله أرسل الرُّسل، وأنزل الكتب من عنده، وكلفهم ببيان ما يحتاج إلى البيان (لأمر له شأنه)، وهو أن ما جاء في هذه الكتب وبلغته الرسل يغني عن كلِّ شيء، وأما غيره فلا يغني عنه، هذه النقطة هي (سر المسألة)؛ فلا يسعُ الخلف إلا اتباع السَّلف على أساس أنَّهم (أعلم وطريقتهم أحكم وأسلم)..


القاعدة الثَّانية: رفض التأويل- ثم بين الشيخ إطلاقات هذا اللفظ واستعمالاته، ثم قال- فالتأويل في اصطلاح المتكلمين إنما يعني: اتخاذ العقل أصلاً حتي يكون النقل تابعاً له، فإذا ما ظهر تعارض بينهما- في زعمهم- فينبغي تأويل النص حتى يوافق العقل.


ولم يعلموا- أو هم يتجاهلون- أن الحجة العقلية الصريحة لا تُعارض الحجة الشرعية الصحيحة، بل يمتنعُ تعارضهما إلا إذا كان هناك فساد في أحدهما أو فيهما جميعاً….فالسلف يحتكمون إلى النصوص في كل شيء كتاباً وسنة، ويكتفون بها و لا يعارضونها بالأدلة العقلية.


القاعدة الثالثة: عدم التفريق بين الكتاب والسُّنَّة : يرى السَّلف أنَّ السُّنَّة تُبين الكتاب وتوضحه وتفسره، بل السُّنَّة خير تفسير يُفسَّرُ به القرآن بعد القرآن، بل قد يتوقف فهم بعض ما أجمل في القرآن إلا بواسطة السنة…ولقد رأينا السَّلف كيف استغرقوا في القرآن تلاوةً وحفظاً وعكوفاً على تفسيره وتفهمه، منفذّين أحكامه ومستنبطين منه القواعد في النظر العقلي، ومستمدين منه حقائق عالم الغيب هذا.


ويتضحُ مما تقدَّم: أنَّ مدلول (السلفية) أصبحَ اصطلاحاً معروفاً يُطلقُ على (طريقة الرعيل الأول، ومن يقتدون بهم في تلقي العلم، وطريقة فهمه، وبطبيعة الدعوة إليه)، فلم يعد محصوراً في دور تاريخي معين.


بل يجب أن يُفهم على أنَّه: مدلولٌ مستمر استمرار الحياة، وضرورة انحصار (الفرقة النَّاجية) في: علماء الحديث والسُّنَّة، وهم أصحاب هذا المنهج، وهي لا تزال باقية إلى يوم القيامة، أخذاً من قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم (لا تزال طائفة من أمتي منصورين على الحق لا يضرهم من خالفهم ولا من خذلهم) – متفق عليه-) انتهى المراد نقله من كلامه رحمه الله وأسكنه الفردوس الأعلى.


وصلى الله على نبينا محمدٍ وأله وصحبه وأتباعه إلى يوم الدين

أملاه شيخنا الشيخ عبد الله البخاري حفظه الله تعالى .
منقول من شبكة سحاب السلفية حرسها الله
http://www.sahab.net/home/?p=289

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