المثلّثات في اللّغة العربيّة

[إخلاص]

المثلّثات في اللّغة العربيّة


في هذا الموضوع أذكر كلمات عربية متشابهة في اللّفظ مختلفة في المعنى فيما يُعرف بالمثلّثات
وفكرتها توضيح معاني نفس الكلمةاذا تغيّر تشكيل الحرف الاوّل منها
مثل معنى كلمة السّلام : بفتح السّين ثم بكسرها ثم بضمّها وهكذا
ومن أشهر ما أ ُلَف فيها مثلّث قطرب وهو مصدر هذا الموضوع

غمر
غَمر : - بفتح الغين - الماءالكثير
غِمر : - بكسر الغين - الحقد
غُمر : - بضمها - شخص لا تجربة لديه

السّلام
السَّلام : - بفتح السّين - من أسماء الله تعالى ، وهوكذلك التّحيّة المعروفة والصّلح
السِّلام : - بكسر السّين - الصّخر
السُّلام : - بضم السّين - عرق في اليد

قال قطرب في هذا المعنى
يا مولعا بالغضبِ ** والهجر والتّجنّبِ ** هجرك قد برح بي ** في جدّه واللّعبِ
إنّ دموعي غَمر ** وليس عندي غِمر ** فقلت يا ذا الغُمر ** أقصر عن التّعتّبِ
بالفتح ماء كثرا ** والكسرحقد سترا ** والضّم شخص ما درى ** شيئا ولم يجرّب
بدا فحيّا بالسَّلام ** رمى عذولي بالسِّلام ** أشار نحوي بالسُّلام ** بكفّه المخضّبِ
بالفتح لفظ المبتدي ** والكسرصخر الجلمد ** والضّم عرق في اليد ** قد جاء في قول النّبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم

الكلام
الكَلام : بفتح الكاف القول المفيد
الكِلام : بكسرها جمع الكَلْمُ‏ و الكَلْمُ‏ :‏ الجَرْحُ
الكُلام : بضمّها الأرضُ الغلِيظَة

الحرّة
الحَرَّة : الحَرَّة - بفتح الحاء - أرض ذاتِ حجارَةٍ نَخِرَةٍ سُودٍ
و تطلق كذلك على البَثْرَةُ الصَّغيرةُ و العذابُ المُوجِعُ و الظُّلْمَةُ الكثيرةُ
الحِرة : - بالكسر - الحرارة و يقال أيضاً : الحَرّ
الحُرّة : - بالضم - مؤنث الحُرَ

قال قطرب
تيّم قلبي بالكَلام ** و في الحشا منه كِلام ** فصرت في أرض كُلام ** لكي أنال مطلبي
بالفتح قول يفهم ** و الكسر جرح مؤلم ** و الضّم أرض تبرم ** لشدّة التصلّب
ثبت بأرض حَرَّة ** معروفة بالحِرة ** فقلت يا ابن الحُرة ** إرث لما قد حلّ بي
بالفتح للحجارة ** و الكسر للحرارة ** و الضّم للمختارة ** من النّسا في الحجب

الحلم
حَلْم ( بفتح الحاء وسكون اللاّم ): ثقبٌ في الجلد
حِلْم ( بكسر الحاء ): هو الأناة والعقل وقلّة الغضب
حُلم ( بضمّها ): ويصحّ بسكون اللاّم وضمّها أيضاً وهي الرّؤيا في النّوم
إلاّ أنّ الشّرع خصّ الحلم بما كان من تأثير الشّيطان في المنام
والرّؤيا بما كان من تأثير الملك الموكّل بالرّؤيا

السّبت
السَّبت ( بفتح السّين وسكون الباء ): يوم الأسبوع المعروف
السِّبت ( بكسر السّين ): قال قطرب : النّعل أو الحذاء و في القاموس : جلد البقر
السُّبت ( بضمّ السّين ): إسم لنبات

السّهام
سَهام ( بفتح السّين ): حرّ السّموم ووهج الصّيف كما في القاموس
السِّهام ( بكسرها ): و هي النّبا لجمع سهم
السُهام ( بضمّها ): قال في القاموس : غزل عين الشّمس ( أيّ أشعّة قرص الشّمس)

قال قطرب
جد فالأديم حَلْم ** وما بقي لي حِلْم ** وما هناني حُلم ** مذ غبت يا معذّبي
بالفتح جلد نقبا ** والكسر عفو الأدبا ** والضّم في النّوم هبا ** حلم كثير الكذب
حمدت يوم السَّبت ** إذ جاء محذي السِّبت ** على نبات السُّبت ** في المَهْمَهِ المستصعب
بالفتح يوم وإذا ** كسرته فهو الحذا ** والضّم نبت وغذا ** إذا مشى في الربرب
خدد في يوم سَهام ** قلبي بأمثال السِّهام ** كالشّمس ترمي بالسُهام ** بضوءها واللّهب
بالفتح حرّ قويا ** والكسر سهم رميا ** والضّم نور وضيا ** للشّمس عند المغرب

الدّعوة
الدَعْوة ( بفتح الدّال): الدّعاء
الدِعوة ( بكسر الدّال ): الإدّعاء
الدُعوة ( بضمّ الدّال): الوليمة

اللّمّة
لَمَّة ( بفتح اللاّم ): الخوف والشّدة
اللِمّة(بكسر اللاّم ): شعر الرأس المجاوز لشحمة الأذن
لُمة ( بضمّ اللاّم ): الأصحاب من النّاس

المسك
المَسك ( بفتح الميم ): الجلد
المِسك ( بكسرالميم ): الطّيب المعروف
المُسك ( بضمّ الميم ): ما يُتَمَسَّكُ به وما يُمْسِكُ الأَبْدَانَ مِنَ الغِذاءِ والشَّرابِ
أو ما يُتَبَلَّغُ به منهما والعَقْلُ الوافِرُ

الحجر
الحَجْر ( بفتح الحاء ): حضن الرّجل
الحِجر(بكسر الحاء ): عقل الرّجل العقلُ وما حوَاهُ الحَطِيمُ المُدارُ بالكعبة
الحُجر(بضمّ الحاء ): إسم لرجل

قال قطرب
دعوت ربي دَعْوة ** لمّا أتى بالدِعوة ** فقلت عندي دُعوة ** إن زرتني في رجب
بالفتح لله دعا ** والكسر في الأصل ادّعا ** والضّمّ شئ صنعا ** للأكل عند الطّرب
كأنّ ما بي لَمَّة ** مذ شاب شعراللِمّة ** وما بقي لي لُمّة ** ولا نقي من نصب
بالفتح خوف الباس ** والكسر شعرالرّاس ** والضّم جمع النّاس ** ما بين شيخ وصبيّ
لمّا أصاب مَسكي **فاح عبير المِسك ** فكان منه مُسكي ** وراحتي من تعب
بالفتح ظهرالجلد ** والكسر طيب الهند ** والضّم ما لا يبدي**من راحة المستوهب
مَلَت دموعي حَجْري **وقل فيه حِجري ** لو كنت كابن حُجر ** لضاق فيه أدبي
بالفتح حجر الرّجل ** والكسر جمع العقل ** والضّمّ إسم النقل ** لرجل منتسب

منقول للفائدة

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