صيام أيّام عشر ذي الحجة [الأرشيف] - منتديات الشروق أونلاين

نبيل عزاب

22-10-2011, 10:27 AM

صيام أيّام عشر ذي الحجة

إنّ من فضائل الأيّام العشر من شهر ذي الحجة صوم المسلم ما تيسّر له من النّفل. روى ابن عبّاس، رضي الله عنهما، أنّ رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، قال: ''ما مِن أيّام العمل الصالح فيهنّ أحبُّ إلى الله من هذه الأيّام العشر (يعني عشر ذي الحجة). فقالوا: يا رسول الله، ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله؟ فقال: ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله إلاّ رجل خرج بنفسه وماله فلم يرجع من ذلك بشيء'' رواه البخاري. وعن هنيدة بن خالد عن امرأته عن بعض أزواج النّبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، قالت: ''كان رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم يصوم تسع ذي الحجة ويوم عاشوراء وثلاثة أيّام من كلّ شهر أوّل اثنين من الشّهر والخميس'' رواه الإمام أحمد وأبو داود. وعن حفصة، رضي الله عنها، قالت: ''أربع لم يكن يدعهن رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: صيام يوم عاشوراء والعشر وثلاثة أيّام من كلّ شهر والرّكعتين قبل الغداة'' رواه أحمد والنسائي وابن حبان وصحّحه.
وتدل هذه الأحاديث على استحباب صوم أيّام عشر ذي الحجة، وهي التسعة أيّام الأولى من شهر ذي الحجّة، وآكدها يوم عرفة لغير الحاج، دون صوم يوم العيد (عيد الأضحى المبارك) فهو محرّم، لما رواه أبي سعيد الخدري، رضي الله عنه، مرفوعًا: ''نَهَى عن صوم يوم الفطر ويوم النحر'' رواه البخاري ومسلم، وقد أجمع العلماء على أنّ صومهما مُحرّم.
قال الإمام النووي في شرح صحيح مسلم: (قول عائشة: ''ما رأيت رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم صائمًا في العشر قط''، وفي رواية: ''لم يَصُم العشر'' قال العلماء: هذا الحديث ممّا يُوهِم كراهة صوم العشرة، والمراد بالعشر هنا: الأيام التسعة من أوّل ذي الحجّة. قالوا: وهذا ممّا يتأوّل فليس في صوم هذه التسعة كراهة، بل هي مستحبة استحبابًا شديدًا لاسيما التاسع منها، وهو يوم عرفة، وقد سبقت الأحاديث في فضله، وثبت في صحيح البخاري أنّ رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، قال: ''ما من أيّام العمل الصالح فيها أفضل منه في هذه'' (يعني العشر الأوائل من ذي الحجة). فيتأوّل قولها: لم يصم العشر، أنّه لم يصمه لعارض مرض أو سفر أو غيرهما، أو أنّها لم تره صائمًا فيه، ولا يلزم عن ذلك عدم صيامه في نفس الأمر، ويدل على هذا التأويل حديث هنيدة بن خالد عن امرأته عن بعض أزواج النّبيّ، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، قالت: كان رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم يصوم تسع ذي الحجّة، ويوم عاشوراء، وثلاثة أيّام من كلّ شهر: الإثنين من الشهر والخميس'' ورواه أبو داود وهذا لفظه وأحمد والنسائي وفي روايتهما ''وخميسين''. والله أعلم). وقال ابن رجب الحنبلي في لطائف المعارف: (وممّن كان يصوم العشر عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما. ويقول أكثـر العلماء أو كثـير منهم بفضل صيام هذه الأيام. ولا يعترض على هذا بما روته عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، قَالَتْ: ''مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم صَائِمًا فِي الْعَشْرِ قَطُّ'' صحيح مسلم. وكان ابن سيرين يكره أن يُقال: صام العشر لأنّه يُوهِمُ دخول يوم النّحر فيه، وإنّما يُقال: صام التسع، ولكن الصيام إذا أضيف إلى العشر، فالمراد صيام ما يجوز صومه منه).

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12-08-2025, 05:04 AM

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