في حكم تخصيص الأكل من الكبد في الأضحية للشيخ فركوس

[بذرة خير]

الفتوى رقم: 544
الصنف: فتاوى الهدي والأضاحي

في حكم تخصيص الأكل من الكبد في الأضحية


السؤال:


كان النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم لا يُفْطِرُ حتى يأكلَ من أضحيتِه، فهل الأكلُ عامٌّ من أيِّ جزءٍ من الأُضحية أو -كما يقول العامَّة- مِن الكَبِدِ، وما حكمُ تخصيصِ الأكلِ مِنَ الكبد؟ وبارك الله فيكم.

الجواب:

الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه وإخوانه إلى يوم الدين، أمّا بعد:
فالثابتُ من حديث بُرَيْدَةَ رضي الله عنه قال: «كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لاَ يَخْرُجُ يَوْمَ الفِطْرِ حَتَّى يَطْعَمَ، وَلاَ يَطْعَمُ يَوْمَ الأَضْحَى حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ»(1)، وفي رواية: «وَكَانَ لاَ يَأْكُلُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ»(2).
والحكمةُ من فِعْلِهِ صلَّى الله عليه وآله وسلم موافَقَتُهُ للفقراء -كما ذهب إليه أهلُ العلم-؛ لأنّ الظاهرَ أَنْ لا شيءَ لهم إلاّ ما أطعَمَهُمُ النَّاسُ من لحومِ الأضاحِي، وهو متأخِّرٌ عن الصَّلاة، بخلاف صدقةِ الفِطْرِ، فإنها متقدّمةٌ عن الصلاةِ، وقد ذُكِرَتْ حِكمةٌ أخرى وهي: لِيَكُونَ أَوَّلَ ما يَطْعَمُ من أضحيته امتثالاً لقوله تعالى: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا البَائِسَ الفَقِيرَ﴾ [الحج: 28]، سواءً قيل بوجوبه أو بِسُنِّـيَّنِهِ.
هذا، وقد وردت سُنَّتُهُ في مُطلقِ الأكلِ من غير تحديدِ عُضْوٍ أو تخصيصِ مَوْضِعٍ، وإنما جاء اختيار الكَبِدِ في لسانِ بعضِهم لا -من جهة التعبُّدِ لافتقاره إلى دليل يعضده- وإنما الجاري عادةً كونُ الكبدِ أخفَّ الأعضاء انتزاعًا وأسرَع نُضْجًا وأسهلَ هضمًا.
والعلمُ عند الله تعالى، وآخر دعوانا أنِ الحمد لله ربِّ العالمين، وصلى الله على نبيّنا محمّد وعلى آله وصحبه وإخوانه إلى يوم الدين، وسلّم تسليمًا.


الجزائر في: 26 من ذي القعدة 1427ه
الموافق ل: 17 ديسمبر 2006م


المصدر : هتــــــــــــــــــا (http://www.ferkous.com/rep/Bo10.php)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- أخرجه الترمذي في «أبواب العيدين» (542)، وابن حبان (2812)، وابن خزيمة (1426)، من حديث بريدة بن الحصيب الأسلمي رضي الله عنه. قال ابن الملقن في «البدر المنير» (5/70): «حسن صحيح»، وصحّحه الألباني في «مشكاة المصابيح» (1440).
2- أخرجه ابن ماجه في «الصيام» (1756)، من حديث بريدة بن الحصيب الأسلمي رضي الله عنه. وصحّحه الألباني في «صحيح ابن ماجه» (1756).

[محمد البليدة]

السلام عليكم

أخي رضوان ... لا أدري ... إن كانت هنالك أحاديث أشارت بتخصيص الأكل من الكبد ...أم لا ...

ولكن ما يجب الإشارة إليه طبيّا أن في تناول الكبد قبل أي عضو آخر فيه منفعة بالغة الأهمية وهي (تهيئة المعدة لتسهيل هضم الأعضاء الأخرى) ولنا في الحيونات المفترسة عبرة لمن يعتبر ... إذ نرى أن تلك الحيونات عندما تقع على فريستها أول ما تتناوله من فريستها -الدم والأحشاء - وتترك اللحم إلى حين إذا أمكن لها ذالك . والسر في هذا الأمر هو أن الدم والأحشاء يتميّزون بدرجة حموضة قدرها 7.4 وهذا ما يسهل هضم اللحوم التي تتميّز بدرجة حموضة أقل من 6.5 ... هذا
بإختصار عن سر تناول الأحشاء والدم في الأول .

والكبد هو مما أحلّ لنا من الدمان .
قال ابن مردويه في " تفسيره في سورة الأنعام " : حدثنا عبد الباقي بن قانع ثنا محمد بن بشر بن مطر ثنا داود بن راشد ثنا سويد بن عبد العزيز ثنا أبو هشام الأيلي ، قال : سمعت زيد بن أسلم يحدث عن ابن عمر ، قال : { قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : يحل من الميتة اثنتان ، ومن الدم اثنان : فأما الميتة فالسمك ، والجراد ، وأما الدم ، فالكبد والطحال }انتهى .
والحديث قال العلامة الألباني في المشكاة"جيد"

شكرا على الموضوع أخي رضوان .

[the.edge]

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