التكبير في عشر ذي الحجة الدليل على مشروعيته- وقته - صفته .

[بذرة خير]

السلام عليكم

التكبير في عشر ذي الحجة الدليل على مشروعيته- وقته - صفته .

الدليل على مشروعيته :

قوله تعالى (( لِيَشْهَدُوا مَنَافِعَ لَهُمْ وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ الآية )، سورة الحج، الآية 28. وهي أيام العشر،
وقوله عز وجل: وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَات الآية سورة البقرة الآية 203، وهي أيام التشريق؛
ولقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: ((أيام التشريق أيام أكل وشرب وذكر الله عز وجل)رواه مسلم في صحيحه، وذكر البخاري في صحيحه تعليقاً عن ابن عمر وأبي هريرة رضي الله عنهما: (أنهما كانا يخرجان إلى السوق أيام العشر فيكبران ويكبر الناس بتكبيرهما) ،
وكان عمر بن الخطاب وابنه عبد الله رضي الله عنهما يكبران في أيام منى في المسجد وفي الخيمة ويرفعان أصواتهما بذلك حتى ترتج منى تكبيراً، وروي عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وعن جماعة من الصحابة رضي الله عنهم التكبير في أدبار الصلوات الخمس من صلاة الفجر يوم عرفة إلى صلاة العصر من يوم الثالث عشر من ذي الحجة وهذا في حق غير الحاج،

وفي المسند عن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، أنه قال: ((ما من أيام أعظم عند الله ولا أحب إليه العمل فيهن من هذه الأيام العشر فأكثروا فيهن من التهليل والتكبير والتحميد)
(1)


وقته :
يستحب التكبير من أول شهر ذي الحجة إلى نهاية اليوم الثالث عشر، ثلاثة عشر يوماً، كلها محل تكبير . (2)


التكبير ينقسم إلى قسمين :

1 ـ مطلق : أي المشروع في كل وقت للرجال والنساء والصغار والكبار في البيوت والأسواق والمساجد وغيرها إلا في الأماكن التي ليست محلاً لذكر الله تعالى.

2 ـ مطلق ومقيد : والمقيد هو الذي يتقيد بأدبار الصلوات، فيسن أن يكبر بعد كل صلاة أي بعد ان يقول استغفر الله ثلاثا اللهم انت السلام ومنك السلام تباركت ياذا الجلال والاكرام يكبر فيكون هذا التكبير كالتسبيح والتحميد الذي يسن في كل وقت بعد الصلاة

فالمطلق: ليلة عيد الفطر، وعشر ذي الحجة إلى فجر يوم عرفة.
والمطلق والمقيد: من فجر يوم عرفة إلى غروب الشمس من آخر يوم من أيام التشريق.والدليل على ذلك :
1 ـ قوله تعالى: {{وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ}} [البقرة: 203] والأيام المعدودات هي أيام التشريق.
2 ـ قول الرسول صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: " أيام التشريق أيام أكل وشرب وذكر لله " ، ولم يقيده بأدبار الصلوات بل قال: «وذكر لله» فأطلق.
3 ـ أن عمر ـ رضي الله عنه ـ كان يكبّر في منى بقبته فيكبّر الناس بتكبيره حتى ترتج منى تكبيراً، وكان ابن عمر يكبّر بمنى تلك الأيام .
(3)


صفة التكبير :

: "الله أكبر، الله أكبر، لا إله إلا الله، الله أكبر الله أكبر، ولله الحمد" شفعاً،
وكان بعض الصحابة يأتي بها وتراً، "الله أكبر الله أكبر الله أكبر، لا إله إلا الله، الله أكبر الله أكبر الله أكبر ولله الحمد"
كله طيب، سواءٌ أتى بها شفعاً أو وتراً.
ومن ذلك "الله أكبر كبيراً والحمد لله كثيراً، وسبحان الله بكرةً وأصيلاً" كل هذا وارد في الآثار عن الصحابة، وفي الآثار المروية عن النبي -عليه الصلاة والسلام- (4)


ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ

(1) ابن باز - مجموع فتاوى ومقالات متنوعة المجلد الثالث عشر.
(2) ابن باز - فتاوى نور على الدرب - صيغة التكبير في العيدين وحكم التكبير الجماعي
(3) ابن عثيمين - الشرح الممتع على زاد المستقنع - المجلد الخامس
(4) ابن باز - فتاوى نور على الدرب - التكبير بعد الصلوات الخمس في أيام التشريق .

[moussa16]

نفعل الله بك وجعلها في ميزان حسناتك
وعلى ما أظن خطب الجمعة اليوم لا تختلف كثيرا عما ذكرت فهي إذا فرصة للمراجعة

[بذرة خير]

نعم ، وقد تطرق امام مسجدنا إلى فضل هذه الأيام المباركة أفضل أيام الدنيا

وهنا الآن نتذاكر ونتعلم
فإنما العلم بالتعلم

[the.edge]

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