الحكمة من مخالفة الطريق في صلاة العيد

[نبيل عزاب]

الحكمة من مخالفة الطريق في صلاة العيد


روى البخاري عن جابر بن عبد الله رضي الله عنهما ''أنّ النّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم إذا كان يوم عيد خالف الطّريق''، ومعنى مخالفة الطريق أنّه يذهب من طريق ويعود من طريق آخر.
وعن أبي هريرة رضي اللَّه عنه قال: ''كان النّبيّ صلّى اللَّه عليه وآله وسلّم إذا خرج إلى العيد يرجع في غير الطريق الذي خرج فيه'' رواه أحمد ومسلم والترمذي، وعن ابن عمر رضي اللَّه عنهما ''أنّ النّبيّ صلّى اللَّه عليه وآله وسلّم أخذ يوم العيد في طريق ثمّ رجع في طريق آخر'' رواه أبو داود وابن ماجه.
وهذه الأحاديث الشّريفة تدل على استحباب الذهاب إلى صلاة العيد في طريق والرجوع في طريق أخرى للإمام والمأموم، وبه قال أكثر أهل العلم كما في فتح الباري لابن حجر العسقلاني.
والمؤمن مطلوب منه الاقتداء بالنّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم وإن لم يعلم الحكمة من فعله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم. قال الله تعالى: {لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الآخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ كَثِيراً} الأحزاب: .21 قال العلامة ابن كثير رحمه الله: هذه الآية الكريمة أصل كبير في التأسي برسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم في أقواله وأفعاله وأحواله.
وقد اختلف العلماء في الحكمة من ذلك على أقوال كثيرة، وقال القاضي عبد الوهّاب المالكي: ذُكِرَ في ذلك فوائد بعضها قريب وأكثرها دَعَاوَى فَارِغَة. اهـ. فمن ذلك:
أنَّه فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لِيَشْهَد لَهُ الطَّرِيقَان، وقيل: لِيَشْهَد لَهُ سُكَّانهمَا من الجن والإنس.
لِيُسَوَّى بَيْنهمَا في مَزِيَّة الفَضل بمُرُوره أوْ في التَّبَرُّك به.
لأَنّ طرِيقه لِلْمُصلَّى كانت على اليمين فلو رجع منها لرجع على جهة الشِّمال فرجع من غيرها.
لإِظهَار شعائر الإسلام فيهما، وقيل: لإِظْهَارِ ذِكْر الله.
لِيَغِيظَ المنافقين أو اليهود. وقيل: لِيُرْهِبهُمْ بِكَثْرَةِ مَنْ مَعَهُ. وَرَجَّحَهُ ابن بَطَّال.
فعل ذلك لِيَعُمّهُمْ في السُّرُور به أو التَّبَرُّك بِمُرُورِهِ وبِرُؤْيَتِهِ والانْتِفَاع به في قضاء حوائجهم في الاستفتاء أو التَّعلُّم والاقتداء والاسترشاد أو الصَّدقة أَو السّلام عليهم وغير ذلك.
لِيَزُورَ أَقَارِبه ويَصِل رَحِمه.
لِيَتَفَاءَل بِتَغَيُّرِ الحال إلى المغفرة والرِضا.
كان طريقه التي يَتَوَجَّه منها أَبْعَد من التي يرجع منها، فأَراد تَكْثِير الأجر بِتَكثير الخطى في الذَّهاب، وأمّا في الرُّجُوع فلِيُسْرِع إلى منزله.
وقيل لأَنَّ الملائكة تقِف في الطُّرُقَات فأراد أَن يشهد له فريقان منهم.
وقال الإمام المناوي في فيض القدير: ليسلم على أهل الطريقين أو ليتبرّكا به أو ليقضي حاجتهما أو ليظهر الشّعائر فيهما أو ليغيظ منافقيهما. وقال ابن القيم: والأصحّ أنّه لذلك كلّه ولغيره.

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