الذِّكر والدُّعاء في عشر ذي الحجة

[نبيل عزاب]

الذِّكر والدُّعاء في عشر ذي الحجة

قال الله تعالى: {وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ} الحج 28 نقل البخاري في صحيحه عن ابن عباس قوله في هذه الأيام أنّها: أَيَّامُ الْعَشْرِ. وعن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما عن النّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم قال: ''ما مِن أيّام أعظم عند الله ولا أحبّ إليه العمل فيهن من هذه الأيّام العشر، فأكثـروا فيهن من التّهليل والتّكبير والتّحميد'' رواه أحمد. قال الإمام البخاري: كان ابن عمر وأبو هريرة رضي الله عنهما يخرجان إلى السوق في أيّام العشر، يُكَبِّران ويكبّر النّاس بتكبيرها. وقال: وكان عمر يكبّر في قبَّتِه بمنى، فيسمعه أهل المسجد فيكبّرون، ويكبّر أهل الأسواق حتّى ترتج مِنى تكبيرًا. وكان ابن عمر يُكبِّر بمِنى تلك الأيّام وخلف الصّلوات وعلى فِراشه، وفي فسطاطه ومجلسه وممشاه تلك الأيّام جميعًا.
ويستحب للمسلم أن يجهر بالتّكبير في هذه الأيّام ويرفع صوته به، وعليه أن يحذَر من التكبير الجماعي، حيث لم ينقل عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا عن أحد من السلف والسنة أن كبر كل واحد بمفرده. دون أن ننسى فضل الدعاء في يوم عرفة، قال سيّدنا رسول الله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: ''خَيْرُ الدّعَاء دعاء يَوْم عَرَفَةَ، وَخَيْرُ مَا قُلتُ أنا والنّبِيّونَ مِنْ قَبْلي: لا إلَه إلاّ الله وَحْدَهُ لا شَريكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الملْكُ، وَلَهُ الحَمدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كلِّ شَيْءٍ قَديرٌ''.
قال ابن عبد البر: ''وفيه من الفقه: أنّ دعاء يوم عرفة أفضل من غيره، وفي ذلك دليل على فضل يوم عرفة على غيره، وفي فضل يوم عرفة دليل على أنّ للأيّام بعضها فضلاً على بعض، إلاّ أنّ ذلك لا يُدْرَكُ إلاّ بالتوفيق، والّذي أدركنا من ذلك التّوفيق الصّحيح: فضل يوم الجمعة، ويوم عاشوراء، ويوم عرفة، وجاء في يوم الإثنين ويوم الخميس ما جاء، وليس شيء من هذا يدرك بقياس، ولا فيه للنّظر مدخل، وفي الحديث أيضًا: دليل على أنّ دعاء يوم عرفة مجاب كلّه في الأغلب، وفيه أيضًا أنّ أفضل الذكر: لا إله إلاّ الله...''. واختلف العلماء في صفته على أقوال: الأوّل: الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. لا إله إلاّ الله، الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. ولله الحمد.
الثاني: الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. لا إله إلاّ الله، الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. ولله الحمد.
الثالث: الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. لا إله إلاّ الله، الله أكبر.. الله أكبر.. ولله الحمد.

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