الشك المرضي - هوس التشكك Doubting mania [الأرشيف]

اوركيــــــدا

13-11-2011, 04:19 PM

الشك المرضي - هوس التشكك Doubting mania
د فائق الزغاري - استشاري الطب النفسي

الشك من الناحية اللغوية يعني الارتياب حول صدق وأمانة الآخرين,والشك من الظواهر الشائعة بين الناس, وان كان الكثير لا يفصحون عنها. ويمكن تقسيم الشك إلى ثلاث أنواع:

الأول "الشك العادي المقبول": كل شخص يحتاج إلى درجه بسيطة من الشك لحمايته من الوقوع في بعض الأخطاء والتأكد والتيقن من الأمور قبل الإقدام عليها خاصة إذا كانت مبنية على خبرات سابقه أو توقعات اكتسبت من خبرات الآخرين. وكما قال ديكارت الفيلسوف الفرنسي"أنا اشك إذا أنا أفكر, أنا أفكر إذا أنا موجود" فالشك في هذه الحالة هو لحظه مؤقتة ننتقل بعدها للحقيقة أو نتوصل إليها.

الثاني "الشك الملازم لشخصية الإنسان ويكون سمه من السمات الشخصية": الشخص الذي يتصف بهذه السمة يجد صعوبة كبيرة في التواصل الاجتماعي مع الناس حتى أقرب الناس إليه في كثير من الحالات. وتتسم الشخصية الارتيابية (الشكاكة) بالعلامات التالية:

الشك بدون دليل مقنع بان الآخرين يستغلونه أو يريدون له الأذى أو يخدعونه.

شكوك مسيطرة في ولاء أو إمكانية الثقة بالأصدقاء والزملاء.

التردد كثيرا في إطلاع الآخرين على أسراره خوفا من أن تستغل يوما ما ضده بشكل أو بآخر.

تفسير الأحداث بأنه يقصد منها شيئا أو أن ورائها نوايا خبيثة.

الحقد المستديم وعدم القدرة على الصفح والغفران.

يرى في أي شيء يحدث من حوله تعديا عليه أو اساءه له.

شكوك متكررة في الزوج بدون دليل واضح.

إن هذا التوجه في التفكير والانفعالات والسلوك يشمل جميع نواحي الحياة وكل الناس بدون استثناء وإن كان نصيب البعض أكبر (مثل الزوجة والأبناء والأقارب والزملاء) .

الثالث "الشك المرضي" : وفيه يعاني الفرد من أوهام اضطهادية يعتقد من خلالها أن الآخرين يريدون إيذاءه وان هناك مكائد ومؤامرات تحاك ضده , وهذا الشك لا ينمو مع المرء منذ صغره ولا يشمل جميع الناس وجميع جوانب الحياة بل يركز على فكرة معينة تصل إلى درجه الاعتقاد الجازم, وهذه الفكرة أو الاعتقاد يسيطر على المريض إلى درجة إنها تصبح شغله الشاغل ويصبح همه دعمها بالأدلة وجمع البراهين ، ورغم عدم وجود دليل كافي على هذا الاعتقاد فانه لا يمكن لأي شخص إقناع المريض بأن هذا الاعتقاد غير صائب ، وعادة ما يقوم المريض بالتصرف بناء على اعتقاده الخاطئ ، فمثلا عندما يتمحور الشك المرضي حول خيانة شريك الزوجية فانه يقوم بالتجسس على زوجته ومراقبة التلفون والعودة من العمل في غير الوقت المعتاد لإيجاد دليل على اعتقاده الخاطئ، وعندما يتمحور الاعتقاد الخاطئ حول إيذاء الآخرين له ، "بأن هناك من يحاول قتله بالسم" فسيشك في المأكولات والمشروبات التي تقدم له ويمتنع عن تناولها حتى وأن قدمت من أقرب المقربين إليه. هؤلاء المرضى بالشك المرضي يبدون أسوياء تماما في ما عدا هذا الموضوع مدار الشك. ويمكن علاج الشك المرضي بالعقاقير المضادة للذهان حيث أن الأجيال الجديدة من هذه الأدوية ليس لها أضرار جانبية تذكر .

the.edge

13-08-2025, 05:00 AM

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