اولياء الله والسلطة الروحية بالجزائر و بمستغانم

[yasminemosta]

اولياء
الله والسلطة الروحية بالجزائر و بمستغانم

المقدسات و
الاثار
هي روح الامة وتاريخها وثراثها الدي تتناقله الاجيال وكلنا نتساءل عن اسباب
وجود مقامات الاولياء و الصالحين او قبب
او الاضرحة حيث لا تخلوا أي مدينة او قرية او مرتفع من مقام
لولي صالح.
المقامات
او الزوايا او الاضرحة او الرباطات ظواهر
ارتبطت بالتاريخ الاسلامي كانت تمثل الوجه الرئيسي للعمارة الاسلامية وقد لعبت
دورا مهما في مختلف العهود لان كانوا يمارسون بداخلها الشعائر الدينية ومعنى
المقام اوالولي او الزاويا او التصوف ياخد نفس المعنى وهي القداسة.

الزوايا
كانت لعبادة الله والدفاع عن الناس وكانوا الشيوخ وقادة المعارك والاولياء مقدسين
بالاضرحة والمقامات والقبب.

الرابطات و المقامات
كانت عبارة عن ثكنات عسكرية و امكنة لتجمع الجيوش
للدفاع عن الدولة ضد الهجمات الصليبية بعد سقوط الاندلس والهجمات الصليبية على
السواحل الجزائرية ولقد عرفت الجزائر
زوايا والكثير من الطرق الصوفية التي كان لها دور في نشر الوعي الديني
والحفاظ على الهوية الوطنية ومقومات الشخصية
العربية المسلمة مع الدفاع عن الارض والتي كانت كل المقاومات بوحي من الطرق
الصوفية.
وارتبطت
نشاة الرباط بالجهاد وحراسة السواحل البحرية من الغزاة

في الجزائر
كانت الخريطة السياسية والحدودية غير واضحة و كانت الاوضاع مضطربة وكان الحس
الوطني معدوما وكانت العقلية الشعبية مرتبطة بالسلطة
الروحية أي التصوف هو الدي كان يجمع شتات القبائل
بتوحدهم بالجهاد في سبيل الاسلام والتصدي للغزو الصليبي.كانت القبائل والعشائر تحت
حماية الفاتحين عند قدوم الغزو الصليبي يخضعون ويتحالفون معهم من اجل الجهاد ولما
تنتهي الحملة تبقى القبائل خاضعة سوى لسلطة مشايخها كانت الوطنية
الدينية هي السلطة الروحية و كل مدينةكان لها
رمز روحي لان رجال الله جمعوا القبائل
المتناحرة وكانت الطرق الصوفية بمثابة الاحزاب السياسية .

في مستغانم
يقول
القاضي حشلاف في سلسلة الاصول ابناء الرسول أن
مستغانم كانت دويرات وكانت رباط للمجاهدين
وما اتسعت إلا بعد نزول الشريف سيدي عبد الله الخطابي فعمرها بإشارة على تلميذه أحميدة
العبد شيخ قبيلة سويد في أواخر القرن 10هـ ، كثر عمرانها واتسع البناء ونمت
تجارتها وتزاحمت على السكن فيها ومجاورة الشريف الخطابي سيدي عبد الله.


وهنا نستنتج ان كانت سلطة روحية متمثلة في
مشاييخ الصوفية او الرمز الروحي ونجد ان اثارهم اليوم متمثلة اليوم في الاضرحة
والقبب ومقامات الصالحين لانهم جمعوا الكثير من القبائل المتناحرة لتوحيدها تحت
السلطة الروحية وكان يعمل علي حماية المدينة من الهجمات الصليبية لان تلك الاهالي كانوا يمجدون ويقدسون السادة
والاشراف وسيدي عبدالله كان الاب الروحي للمنطقة لقبائل الخمسة بمستغانم وهم
المجاهر.

قبل وصول العثمانيين
كانت الصوفية بكامل الجزائر وتقربت
من الصوفية وعظمت الاولياء بهم رسخت الحكم والدولة في الجزائر بسيطرتها على الحياة
السياسية والروحية تجاوبت معهم وقد ساعدت
على بناء الكثير من الزوايا وشاركوا في بناء القبب والاضرحة .الصوفية وجدت مجالا
خصبا ومن هنا المتصوفة اعتبروا الدولة
العثمانية كحاميتهم من الغزو الصليبي تحت
راية الجهاد والدفاع عن الارض والدين الاسلامي وعاشت الدولة العثمانية بالجزائر 3
قرون و رسخت الحكم الى مجئ
الفرنسيين لضعفها و عجزها عن دفع الضرر عن
رعاياها و بلادهم مع فقدان المسلمون أملهم في الدولة ولكن بقي ويبقى دور الاولياء
والصوفية و الزوايا والمقامات والاضرحةو الرابطات دائما حاضر عبر المسار التاريخي
بادواره في حفظ الدين
الاسلامي و ضمان التمسك والوحدة والتاريخ و مقومات الشخصية الاصيلة بالمرجعية
العربية الاسلامية.لان كل هدا يعني القداسة.

هدا بحث تلخيص
من بحوث مهمة جدا منها
الحضور الصوفي في الجزائر على العهد العثماني للدكتور
مختار حبار
الطرق الصوفية في الجزائر ل عبد المنعم القاسمي
الزوايا في الجزائر ونشاتها لسكينة مرابط
كتاب سلسلة الاصول ابناء الرسول للقاضي حشلاف

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