فضل صيام عاشوراء [الأرشيف] - منتديات الشروق أونلاين

أبو محمود

01-12-2011, 05:57 PM

الحمد لله

أولاً : صيام يوم عاشوراء يكفر السنة الماضية لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : " صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهُ وَصِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ " رواه مسلم 1162. وهذا من فضل الله علينا أن أعطانا بصيام يوم واحد تكفير ذنوب سنة كاملة والله ذو الفضل العظيم .

وقد كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يتحرى صيام يوم عاشوراء ؛ لما له من المكانة ، فعَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ : مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَحَرَّى صِيَامَ يَوْمٍ فَضَّلَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ إِلا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَهَذَا الشَّهْرَ يَعْنِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ . " رواه البخاري 1867

ومعنى " يتحرى " أي يقصد صومه لتحصيل ثوابه والرغبة فيه .

ثانياً : وأما سبب صوم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ليوم عاشوراء وحث الناس على صومه فهو ما رواه البخاري (1865) عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَرَأَى الْيَهُودَ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا : هَذَا يَوْمٌ صَالِحٌ ، هَذَا يَوْمٌ نَجَّى اللَّهُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى، قَالَ فَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ فَصَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ " وصيام التاسوعاء

قوله : ( هذا يوم صالح ) في رواية مسلم " هذا يوم عظيم أنجى الله فيه موسى وقومه وغرّق فرعون وقومه " .

قوله : ( فصامه موسى ) زاد مسلم في روايته " شكراً لله تعالى فنحن نصومه " .

وفي رواية للبخاري " ونحن نصومه تعظيما له " .

قوله : ( وأمر بصيامه ) وفي رواية للبخاري أيضا : " فقال لأصحابه أنتم أحق بموسى منهم فصوموا " .

ثالثاً : تكفير الذنوب الحاصل بصيام يوم عاشوراء المراد به الصغائر ، أما الكبائر فتحتاج إلى توبة خاصة .

قال النووي رحمه الله :

يُكَفِّرُ ( صيام يوم عرفة ) كُلَّ الذُّنُوبِ الصَّغَائِرِ , وَتَقْدِيرُهُ يَغْفِرُ ذُنُوبَهُ كُلَّهَا إلا الْكَبَائِرَ .

وقال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله : وَتَكْفِيرُ الطَّهَارَةِ , وَالصَّلاةِ , وَصِيَامِ رَمَضَانَ , وَعَرَفَةَ , وَعَاشُورَاءَ لِلصَّغَائِرِ فَقَطْ . الفتاوى الكبرى ج5 .

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