خيط الجراحة عندنا وعندهم

[أبو محمود]

طور علماء فى جامعة آخن بغرب ألمانيا لاصقا طبيا يحمل فى داخله بروتين خيوط العنكبوت، مؤكدين أن حرير العنكبوت يساعد على التئام الجروح فى وقت قياسى، حسبما أفادت الدويتش فيللى أمس على موقعها.

ويقول عالم الكيمياء الحيوية، أرتيم دافيدينكو، إن "هذه المادة – يقصد حرير العنكبوت - يمكن أن تصمد أمام قوى هائلة". ويضيف دافيدينكو، الذى أجرى تجارب عديدة على خيوط العنكبوت على مدى ثلاثة أعوام خلال تحضيره لأطروحة الدكتوراه فى جامعة آخن الألمانية: "يمكن لحرير العنكبوت، يبلغ قطره سنتيمترين، أن يجر طائرة بأكملها.
ويهتم دافيدينكو بشكل خاص بالخيوط الخارجية التى تكون فى نهاية بيت العنكبوت باعتبارها تشكل القاعدة، فهى ليست لزجة، كما أنها قارة ومتينة، لكنها فى الوقت نفسه مرنة.

ويضيف بما أن السوائل الطبيعية للجروح تحتوى على أنزيمات، فإنها تُفتت حرير العنكبوت إذا ما وُضع فوق مكان الجرح، مما يسهل عملية التئامه بسرعة، وهو ما تبين من خلال التجارب الأولية التى قام بها فريق من الباحثين ينتمى إلى جامعة آخن، حيث اعتبرت نتائج هذه التجارب بالواعدة، وقد ألهمت نتائج هذه التجارب هؤلاء الخبراء إلى اختراع لاصق طبى، تحمل وجهته الداخلية بروتينات حرير العنكبوت، وقد وصل هذا المشروع إلى نهايته، كما كشفت عن ذلك جامعة آخن، لكن لم يعرف إلى الآن، متى سيكون بإمكان الزبائن اقتناء هذا اللاصق الطبى من الصيدليات.

يشار إلى أن الباحثون اكتشفوا، أو بالأحرى أعادوا اكتشاف، خاصية مذهلة أخرى لحرير العنكبوت، ألا وهى مداواته للجروح، فقد سبق واستعمله الرومان القدامى للتسريع من وتيرة شفاء جروحهم، وقد أكدت البحوث الحديثة أن حرير العنكبوت يساعد فعلا على التئام الجروح، كما بينت ذلك تقارير البحوث فى جامعة آخن، ويتكون حرير العنكبوت من مواد بروتينية، وهو ما يسمح بتفتيته عن طريق إنزيمات خاصة.

ومن أجل إنتاج حرير العنكبوت يلجأ العلماء إلى تقنية الجينات، لأن إنتاج حرير العنكبوت بطريقة طبيعية يعد أمرا متعبا للغاية، كما يرى آرتيم دافيدينكو، ويرجع ذلك بالأساس إلى طبيعة العناكب التى تلتهم بعضها البعض، حيث تأكل الأنثى الذكر بعد التزاوج مثلا.

ورغم نجاح العلم فى إنتاج بروتينات حرير العنكبوت، فإن إنتاج خيوط العنكبوت بشكل كامل يبقى مهمة صعبة وحلما يسعى العلم لتحقيقه، والكائن الوحيد الذى يتقن ذلك هو العنكبوت نفسه.

[the.edge]

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