أنواع السرطان الأكثر انتشارًا في العالم: سرطان الرئة

[أختُ عبد الرحمان]

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سرطان الرئة يُعدّ ثاني أكثر السرطانات شيوعاً في العالم ( بعد سرطان الجلد ) والمسبّب الاكثر للوفاة .
وهو يصيب في أغلب الأحيان الاشخاص الذين تتراوح اعمارهم بين سن الخمسين و السبعين . (طبيب دوت كوم)


يعتبر التّدخين، وخاصّة السّجائر، المساهم الرّئيسي في الإصابة بسرطان الرئة إلى حدّ بعيد. في الولايات المتحدة، تشير التقديرات إلى أنّ التّدخين يتسبّب في 87 ٪ من حالات سرطان الرئه (90 ٪ عند الرجال و 85 ٪ عند النساء). خطر الإصابة بسرطان الرئة عند الذّكور المدخّنين يمثّل 17،2 ٪، أمّا عند الإناث المدخّنات، فالخطر هو 11،6 ٪.

هذا الخطر أقلّ من ذلك بكثير عند غير المدخّنين : 1،3 ٪ عند الرجال و1،4 ٪ عند النساء.
دخان السّجائر يحتوى على أكثر من 60 مسرطنات معروفة مثل النظائر المشعّة من الرادون سلسلة الاضمحلال، والبنزوبيرين.. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يبدو أن النّيكوتين يؤدّي إلى كساد الاستجابة المناعيّة للتطوّرات الخبيثة في النسيج. طول وقت تدخين الشّخص وكذلك الكمّيّة المدخّنة تزيد من فرص الإصابة بسرطان الرئة. إذا توقّف الشّخص عن التّدخين، هذه الفرص تتناقص باطراد إذ أنّ الضّرر بالرّئتين يتصلّح كما أنّ الجسيمات الملوّثة تبدأ بالزّوال تدريجيا.

في العالم المتقدّم، ما يقرب من 90 ٪ من الوفيات بسرطان الرئة تنجم عن التّدخين. إضافة إلى ذلك، هناك دلائل على أنّه يمكن توقّع أسهل وأدقّ للإصابة بسرطان الرّئة عند غير المدخّنين ممّا هو عليه عند المدخنين كما أنّ المرضى الّذين يدخّنون في وقت التّشخيص يكون لديهم فرص أقلّ للبقاء على قيد الحياة من الّذين يقلعون عن التّدخين. (ويكيبيديا)

العلامات و الاعراض :

• سعال مزمن ( مستمر ) ، يحتوي احيانا على بصاق ( بلغم ) موشّح بالدم .
• ضيق في النفس .
• فقدان غير معلّل للوزن .
• ألم في الصدر .
• أزيز .
• عوارض من التهاب القصبات او الالتهاب الرئوي .

وبعض أشكال سرطان الرئة يكون بدون أعراض حتى يستفحل تماماً . (طبيب دوت كوم)


يمكن ان يتكور سرطان الرئه ببطء شديد ، وقد تستغرق أعراضه سنوات عديدة لكي تظهر ، إضافة الى ذلك ، هنالك أنواع من سرطان الرئة لا تسبب أية أعراض حتى تصبح في مراحلها الاخيرة . و نتيجة لذلك ، لا يمكن تشخيص سرطان الرئة حتى يستفحل تماما و تصبح خيارات علاجه محدودة .(طبيب دوت كوم)

و بالتالي الاقلاع عن التدخين يقلل من حيث من خطر الاصابة بسرطان الرئة .



__________________________________________________ __________


طبيب دوت كوم (http://www.tbeeb.net/a-1115.htm)

ويكيبيديا (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1% D8%A6%D8%A9)

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