الرحيق المختوم

[yacine saadaoui]

محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب
ولد في مكة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9) في شهر ربيع الأول (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88% D9%84) من عام الفيل (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84) قبل ثلاث وخمسين سنة من الهجرة (هجرته من مكة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9) إلى المدينة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7% D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9))، ما يوافق سنة 570 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/570) أو 571 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/571) ميلاديًا و52 ق هـ (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/52_%D9%82_%D9%87%D9%80).[6] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B5.D8.AD.D9.8A.D8.AD.D8.A9-.D9.85.D9.88.D9.84.D8.AF.D9.87-6) ولد يتيم الأب وفقد أمه في سنّ مبكرة فتربى في كنف جده عبد المطلب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84% D8%A8) ثم من بعده عمه أبي طالب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8) حيث ترعرع، وكان في تلك الفترة يعمل بالرعي ثم بالتجارة. تزوج في سنِّ الخامسة والعشرين من خديجة بنت خويلد (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_ %D8%AE%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF) وأنجب منها كل أولاده باستثناء إبراهيم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8% D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF). كان قبل الإسلام (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85) يرفض عبادة الأوثان (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%85) والممارسات الوثنية التي كانت منتشرة في مكة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9).[7] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.B1.D9.8A-.D9.82.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A8.D8.B9.D8.AB. D8.A9-7) ويؤمن المسلمون أن الوحي (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A) نزل عليه وكُلّف بالرسالة وهو ذو أربعين سنة، أمر بالدعوة سرًا لثلاث سنوات، قضى بعدهنّ عشر سنوات أُخَر في مكة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9) مجاهرًا بدعوة أهلها وكل من يرد إليها من التجار والحجيج وغيرهم. هاجر إلى المدينة المنورة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7% D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9) والمسماة يثرب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A8) آنذاك عام 622م (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/622) وهو في الثالثة والخمسين من عمره بعد أن تآمر عليه سادات قريش (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4) ممن عارضوا دعوته وسعوا إلى قتله، فعاش فيها عشر سنين أُخر داعيًا إلى الإسلام (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)، وأسس بها نواة الحضارة الإسلامية (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84% D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9)، التي توسعت لاحقًا وشملت مكة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9) وكل المدن والقبائل العربية (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A7% D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9)، حيث وحَّد العرب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8) لأول مرة على ديانة توحيدية (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%88% D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9) ودولة موحدة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84% D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9)، ودعا لنبذ العنصرية (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9) والعصبية القبلية (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84% D9%8A%D8%A9).[8] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-8)[9] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-Lapidus_2002_pp_0-9)
نسبه
هو «أبو القاسم محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84% D8%A8) (واسمه شيبة) بن هاشم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85) (واسمه عمرو) بن عبد مناف (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81) (واسمه المغيرة) بن قصي (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7 %D8%A8) (واسمه زيد) بن كلاب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8) بن مرة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9) بن كعب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%8A ) بن لؤي (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%8A) بن غالب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8) بن فهر (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1) بن مالك (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83) بن النضر (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B6%D8%B1) (واسمه قيس) وهو قريش (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4) بن كنانة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9) بن خزيمة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9) بن مدركة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9) (واسمه عامر) بن إلياس (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3) بن مضر (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%B1) بن نزار (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1) بن معد (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF) بن عدنان (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86)». هذا هو المتفق عليه من نسبه، أما ما فوقه ففيه اختلاف كثير، غير أنه ثبت أن نسب عدنان ينتهي إلى إسماعيل (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84) بن إبراهيم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85).[43] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B1.D8.AD.D9.8A.D9.82-.D9.82.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A8.D8.B9.D8.AB. D8.A9-43)[44] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9.D8.A7.D9.85.D9.84.D9.8A-.D9.85.D9.88.D9.84.D8.AF.D9.87-44)
ولم يكن فرعٌ من قريش (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4) إلا كان لمحمد فيهم قرابة.[45] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-45) ويعتقد المسلمون بأن الله قد اصطفى نبيَّهم محمدًا واختاره من أزكى القبائل وأفضل البطون وأطهر الأصلاب،[46] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A8.D9.88.D8.B7.D9.8A-.D9.82.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A8.D8.B9.D8.AB. D8.A9-46) حيث قال «خرجتُ من نكاح ولم أخرج من سفاح (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7) من لدن آدم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85) إلى أن ولدني أبي وأمّي»،[47] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-47) وقال أيضًا «إنَّ الله اصطفى كنانة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9) من ولد إسماعيل (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84)، واصطفى قريشًا (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4) من كنانة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9)، واصطفى من قريش (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4) بني هاشم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85)، واصطفاني من بني هاشم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85)»،[48] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-48) وقال أيضا «نحن بنو النضر (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B6%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83 %D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9) بن كنانة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9) لا نقفو أمنا ولا ننتفي من أبينا»،[49] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-49) وقال «إنَّ الله تعالى خلق الخلق، فجعلني في خير فِرَقِهم، وخير الفرقتين، ثم تخيَّر القبائل فجعلني في خير قبيلة، ثم تخيَّر البيوت فجعلني في خير بيوتهم، فأنا خيرُهم نفسًا، وخيرُهم بيتًا».[50] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-50)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ar/thumb/c/c6/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%87% D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A.png/220px-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%87% D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A.png (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88 %D8%A3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86% D8%A8%D9%8A.png) http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip-rtl.png (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88 %D8%A3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86% D8%A8%D9%8A.png)
أسماء آباء وأمهات النبي محمد.


أبوه: هو عبد الله بن عبد المطلب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8 %D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7 %D9%84%D8%A8)، أمّه "فاطمة بنت عمرو بن عائذ بن عمران بن مخزوم بن يقظة بن مرة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9) بن كعب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%8A ) بن لؤي (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%8A) بن غالب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8)".[51] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.AC.D8.A7.D9.85.D8.B9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3.D8.AD. D8.A7.D8.AF.D9.8A.D8.AB-51)[52] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B1.D9.88.D8.B6_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3. D9.86.D9.81-.D9.86.D8.B3.D8.A8.D9.87-52) كان عبد الله أحسن أولاد عبد المطلب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84% D8%A8) وأعفّهم وأحبّهم إليه،[43] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B1.D8.AD.D9.8A.D9.82-.D9.82.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A8.D8.B9.D8.AB. D8.A9-43) وأصغرهم من بين أولاده،[53] (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF#cite_note-.D8.AC.D9.85.D9.87.D8.B1.D8.A9-53) وهو الذبيح، الذي فداه أبوه بمائة من الإب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D9%84)















قصي (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7 %D8%A8)
400 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/400)









































































































































عبد العزى (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%89_ %D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A)








عبد مناف (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A8 %D9%86_%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A)
430 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/430)






عبد الدار (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_ %D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A)




















































































أسد (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF _%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%89)



مطلب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8 %D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81)


هاشم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8 %D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81)
464 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/464)


نوفل (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8 %D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81)



عبد شمس (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%86 _%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81)




























































خويلد (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3 %D8%B3%D8%AF)








عبد المطلب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84% D8%A8)
497 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/497)


































































































عوام (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_ %D8%AE%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF)

خديجة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A9)

حمزة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8 %D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8)


عبد الله (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8 %D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7 %D9%84%D8%A8)
545 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/545)


أبو طالب (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8)


عباس (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8 %D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8)









































































الزبير (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_ %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85)











محمد (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8 %D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87)
571 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/571)
علي (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A _%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8)
599 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/599)
عقيل (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8 %D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8)

جعفر (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8 %D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8)












































































فاطمة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2% D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1)











مسلم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%82 %D9%8A%D9%84)



































































































































حسن (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9 %D9%84%D9%8A)
625 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/625)





حسين (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_ %D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A)
626 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/626)

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