ناسا تعتزم إطلاق تلسكوب فضائي ضخم عام 2018

[Ilham_27]

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركاته

في عام 2018 ستطلق وكالة الفضاء الأميركية (ناسا) تلسكوب الفضاء جيمس ويب، الذي سيضم مرايا ضخمة يعادل حجمها سبعة أضعاف تلك المستخدمة في تلسكوب هابل.

http://www.sci-magazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/james-webb-space-telescope-300x199.jpg


وبمجرد دخوله في العمل فإن هذا التلسكوب سيحدق بين ملايين النجوم ليلتقط صورا واضحة لبعض أحدث النجوم والمجرات في الكون ليعثر على أوائل المجرات التي تشكلت في الكون في محاولة لفهم الانفجار العظيم الذي شكل الكون وتشكلت منه مجرة درب التبانة التي تضم كوكب الأرض.
وعندما يصل التلسكوب إلى موقعه المحدد على بعد نحو مليون و497 ألف كيلومتر عن الأرض فإن حرارة مكوناته ستنخفض إلى 240 درجة مئوية تحت الصفر.
وكي يضمن المهندسون في مركز غوددارد لرحلات الفضاء في ولاية ماريلاند الأميركية أن بإمكان المعدات العلمية في التلسكوب تحمل البرودة فإنهم يخضعون هذه المكونات لبيئة اختبار صارمة في مركز “محاكاة بيئة الفضاء” ليقرروا إن كانت ستؤدي عملها على الوجه الأكمل.
وتبلغ تكاليف بناء هذا التلسكوب أو المرصد العملاق نحو 4.5 مليارات دولار، ويضم مرآة قطرها 6.5 أمتار وواقيا من الشمس مساحته تعادل مساحة ملعب كرة مضرب، ولأن المرآة وواقي الشمس لا يمكن لصاروخ أن يتسع لهما فإنهما سيطويان ويفتحان عندما يصل التلسكوب إلى الفضاء الخارجي.
وتقوم المرآة المذكورة بجمع الأشعة تحت الحمراء، على عكس المرآة المستخدمة في تلسكوب هابل التي تقوم بجمع الأشعة المرئية.
ويذكر أن اسم جيمس ويب أطلق على هذا التلسكوب تكريما لجميس ويب المدير الثاني لوكالة ناسا والذي كان وراء برنامج أبولو وداعما كبيرا لعلوم الفضاء.

[the.edge]

مذكرة تخرج (https://www.sahla-dz.com/)
ميموار (https://www.sahla-dz.com/)
دكتوراه (https://lmd.sahla-dz.com/)
محاضرات (https://lmd.sahla-dz.com/)
Remote Work (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/)
Freelance (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/)
بحث جاهز بالمنهجية العلمية (https://ba7thi.sahla-dz.com/)
بحث pdf word (https://ba7thi.sahla-dz.com/)
psychologie (https://www.activemindly.com/)
psychologiques (https://www.activemindly.com/)
remote international companies (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-get-remote-jobs-with-international-companies/)
remote onboarding practices hires (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-onboarding-best-practices-for-new-hires/)
monetizing skills freelancer (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/monetizing-ai-skills-as-a-freelancer/)
skill stacking ultimate career hack (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/skill-stacking-the-ultimate-career-hack/)
online payment methods freelancers (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/best-online-payment-methods-for-freelancers/)
crowdsourcing gigs know (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/crowdsourcing-gigs-what-you-should-know/)
remote accounting where look (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-accounting-jobs-where-to-look/)
global companies remote-first culture (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/global-companies-with-remote-first-culture/)
cover letter templates remote (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/cover-letter-templates-for-remote-jobs/)
stand online applications (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-stand-out-in-online-job-applications/)
interview preparation remote roles (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/interview-preparation-for-remote-roles/)
passive income streams 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/best-passive-income-streams-for-2025/)
avoiding payment scams freelancer (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/avoiding-payment-scams-as-a-freelancer/)
remote age generative (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-work-in-the-age-of-generative-ai/)
start remote consulting business (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-start-a-remote-consulting-business/)
freelancer success stories inspiring journeys (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelancer-success-stories-inspiring-journeys/)
finding remote healthcare (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/finding-remote-work-in-healthcare/)
virtual reality where find them (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/virtual-reality-jobs-where-to-find-them/)
rise subscription careers online (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/the-rise-of-subscription-careers-online/)
become virtual event planner (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-become-a-virtual-event-planner/)
crypto mining fact fiction (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/crypto-mining-jobs-fact-or-fiction/)
become remote recruiter (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-become-a-remote-recruiter/)
managing teams across time zones (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/managing-teams-across-time-zones/)
remote internships where find (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-internships-where-to-find-the-best/)
digital nomad lifestyle pros cons (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/the-digital-nomad-lifestyle-pros-and-cons/)
succeed first remote (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-succeed-at-your-first-remote-job/)
start dropshipping business home (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-start-a-dropshipping-business-from-home/)
tools time blocking remotely (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/top-tools-for-time-blocking-remotely/)
remote customer service need (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-customer-service-jobs-what-you-need/)
building career data science online (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/building-a-career-in-data-science-online/)
untapped websites post high-paying remote data-entry gigs (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/7-untapped-websites-that-post-high-paying-remote-data-entry-gigs-daily/)
digital nomad taxes 2025 portugal nhr beats (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/digital-nomad-taxes-2025-how-portugals-nhr-beats-estonias-e-residency/)
zero month freelance 90-day roadmap without portfolio (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/from-zero-to-5k-month-freelance-ux-ui-90-day-roadmap-without-a-portfolio/)
voice-over arabic speakers where find remote gigs (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/voice-over-jobs-for-arabic-speakers-where-to-find-remote-gigs-that-pay-in-usd/)
remote bookkeeping automation survive 2030 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-bookkeeping-vs-ai-automation-which-will-survive-in-2030/)
scam alert spot report fake amazon linkedin (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/scam-alert-how-to-spot-report-fake-amazon-va-jobs-on-linkedin/)
freelance writing niches 2025 technical writing leads (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/best-freelance-writing-niches-in-2025-why-technical-writing-leads/)
move family portugal digital nomad visa without (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-move-your-family-to-portugal-on-a-digital-nomad-visa-without-quitting-your-9-5/)
remote sales offer health insurance citizens 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-sales-jobs-that-offer-health-insurance-for-us-citizens-in-2025/)
zero-code path land remote cybersecurity analyst days (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/zero-code-path-land-a-remote-cybersecurity-analyst-job-in-60-days/)
freelance translation rates 2025 industry survey 500 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelance-translation-rates-2025-industry-survey-of-500-translators/)
tools replace admin virtual assistant tasks overnight (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/top-5-ai-tools-that-replace-3-admin-virtual-assistant-tasks-overnight/)
high-paying remote accounting non-cpa bookkeepers (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/high-paying-remote-accounting-jobs-for-non-cpa-bookkeepers/)
work-from-home tax deductions canada 2025 cra rules (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/work-from-home-tax-deductions-in-canada-2025-new-cra-rules-explained/)
digital nomad housing hack coliving spaces airbnb (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/digital-nomad-housing-hack-coliving-spaces-vs-airbnb-monthly-discounts/)
went upwork clients 10k month remote software (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-i-went-from-2-upwork-clients-to-10k-month-in-remote-software-development/)
remote project management certifications land faster pmp (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-project-management-certifications-that-land-jobs-faster-than-pmp/)
beginner voice-over equipment under 150 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/best-beginner-voice-over-equipment-under-150-in-2025/)
freelance graphic design pricing calculator stop undercharging (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelance-graphic-design-pricing-calculator-stop-undercharging-now/)
work-from-home burnout test questions diagnose recover fast (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/work-from-home-burnout-test-10-questions-to-diagnose-recover-fast/)
paraguay tax scheme exposed influencers quiet (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/paraguays-0-tax-scheme-exposed-why-influencers-are-quiet-now/)
remote specialist companies hiring worldwide 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-hr-specialist-jobs-top-companies-hiring-worldwide-in-2025/)
tiktok find remote clients beginner freelancer (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-use-tiktok-to-find-remote-clients-as-a-beginner-freelancer/)
countries freelance animators live affordably remotely (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/best-countries-for-freelance-animators-to-live-affordably-work-remotely/)
prompt engineer remote essential skills where apply (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/ai-prompt-engineer-remote-jobs-essential-skills-where-to-apply/)
remote bookkeeping side hustle earn 000 month (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-bookkeeping-side-hustle-earn-1000-month-after-5-pm/)
digital nomad pet-friendly visas countries welcome dog (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/digital-nomad-pet-friendly-visas-countries-that-welcome-your-dog/)
negotiate remote covid proven scripts 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-negotiate-remote-work-after-covid-proven-scripts-for-2025/)
remote data analyst visa sponsorship 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-data-analyst-jobs-with-visa-sponsorship-in-2025/)
freelance writing red flags client behaviors signal (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelance-writing-red-flags-5-client-behaviors-that-signal-a-scam/)
zero first e-commerce without inventory (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/from-zero-to-your-first-1k-in-e-commerce-without-inventory/)
voice-over non-native english speakers accent advantage (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/voice-over-jobs-for-non-native-english-speakers-is-your-accent-an-advantage/)
time-tracking apps freelancers 2025 free paid (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/best-time-tracking-apps-for-freelancers-in-2025-free-paid/)
remote tester beginners land paid gigs days (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-qa-tester-jobs-how-beginners-can-land-paid-gigs-in-30-days/)
freelance translation memory tools save hours weekly (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelance-translation-memory-tools-that-save-10-hours-weekly/)
digital nomad banking multi-currency accounts 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/digital-nomad-banking-best-multi-currency-accounts-for-2025/)
remote dress code really matters zoom calls (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-work-dress-code-what-really-matters-on-zoom-calls/)
cold-email startups land remote software developer internships (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-cold-email-startups-land-remote-software-developer-internships/)
side hustle full-time freelance research explained (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/side-hustle-to-full-time-freelance-ux-research-jobs-explained/)
remote customer success cover coworking space fees (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-customer-success-jobs-that-cover-coworking-space-fees/)
freelance social media manager rates 2025 hourly (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelance-social-media-manager-rates-2025-hourly-vs-retainer/)
work-from-home stipends companies offering 000 setup cash (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/work-from-home-stipends-50-companies-offering-1000-setup-cash/)
digital nomad health insurance plans compared safetywing (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/digital-nomad-health-insurance-plans-compared-safetywing-vs-worldnomads/)
remote python developer beginners where start coding (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-python-developer-jobs-for-beginners-where-to-start-coding-for-cash/)
build freelance portfolio hours experience needed (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-build-a-freelance-portfolio-in-24-hours-no-experience-needed/)
remote tech support interview questions face 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-tech-support-interview-questions-youll-face-in-2025/)
freelance copywriting niches pay 200 per email (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelance-copywriting-niches-that-pay-200-per-email-in-2025/)
vpns digital nomads working sensitive client data (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/best-vpns-for-digital-nomads-working-with-sensitive-client-data/)
remote accounting software every freelancer master 2025 (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-accounting-software-every-freelancer-should-master-in-2025/)
e-commerce side hustle print-on-demand dropshipping profit margins (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/e-commerce-side-hustle-print-on-demand-vs-dropshipping-profit-margins-in-2025/)
handle taxes digital nomad earning currencies (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/how-to-handle-taxes-as-a-digital-nomad-earning-in-3-currencies/)
remote graphic design contests win 500 without (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-graphic-design-contests-win-500-without-a-client-brief/)
voice-over script practice library free resources level (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/voice-over-script-practice-library-free-resources-to-level-up-fast/)
freelance project management templates cut admin time (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelance-project-management-templates-that-cut-admin-time-in-half/)
remote data-entry train while diploma needed (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/remote-data-entry-jobs-that-train-you-while-you-work-no-diploma-needed/)
digital nomad retirement plans save while traveling (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/digital-nomad-retirement-plans-how-to-save-while-traveling/)
freelance seo writing rates charge per word (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/freelance-seo-writing-rates-charge-50%c2%a2-to-2-per-word-in-2025/)
work-from-home background noise apps tools quiet workspace (https://jobs.sahla-dz.com/work-from-home-background-noise-best-apps-and-tools-for-a-quiet-workspace/)