الامركة..العولمة

[رشيد قوارف]

يتصدر موضوع القيم في الأمركة مكانا رفيعا في حياة البشرية الحديثة، وفي أحاديثنا، وفي جوانب سلوكنا اليومي كما يشغل مساحة واسعة وكبيرة في الدراسات الاجتماعية والثقافية وخاصة في الدين، الفن، العلم والفلسفة وسواها.
إن مجال قيم الأمركة كما قلنا أنه شامل يمس كافة القطاعات وكل مناحي الحياة، ففي حقل الدين الذي له العمر ما عاشت الإنسانية نفسها، نجد الأفكار والمشاعر والآمال التي تستمر متوهجة في صدر المؤمن لما تحمله من قيم سليمة، وتعتمد الأديان جميعها على موقف معين للقيم، ولعلها في نفسها موقف قيمي مريح، وإذا كان الدين عند ”انشتاين” هو الذي يرسم الغاية، فإن هو الذي يزودنا بمعرفة الوسيلة التي تساهم في بلوغ تلك الغاية، وأن الدين هو الذي يعالج تقويم الفكر والفعل الإنساني، والعلم عنده يصبح معقدا بغير دين ويغدو الدين أعمى دون علم. ولقد وهب ديننا الحرية التامة للإنسان في تأمله للموجودات والوصول إلى حقائق القول والحياة عن طريق الفعل والتفكير، وأن التطور المتنامي المستمر في كل ما يتعلق بحياة الإنسان وقضاياه لا يقف عن جهة النظر الدينية، في وجهة قيم الحداثة والتجديد شرط الالتزام باحترام مقدساته، والرهان معقود على الإنسان نفسه بإرادته وفكره أن هذا التطور في تصديه لتغيير أشكال الحياة، مع تصاعد إنجازات العقل واهتزازات القيم، حقائق لا تتغير فالعدل يبقى حسنا والظلم يبقى قبيحا، وكذلك الصدق والكذب وغير ذلك من القيم مهما تغير الزمن وانقلبت الظروف. إن التغييرات المادية المتلاحقة والتطور الكبير المتسارع في الوسائل من أجهزة ومعدات واكتشافات وسواها، مما أوجدته التكنولوجيا المعاصرة، لا يمكنها بأي حال من الأحوال أن تجعل الحق باطلا، ولا الصدق كذبا، ويبقى الإنسان في خضم هذه المعالم المتطور هو الإنسان وإذا حصل وأن تغيرت مفاهيمه فهذا يعني تطبعه مع البيئة التي يعيش فيها، ولا يعني مطلقا تغييره جوهريا في كيانه. إن حرية الفكر والرأي حق أساسي بهما يشعر الإنسان بإنسانيته، ويستمر أجل نعمه التي وهبها البارئ له وهي نعمة العقل، من خلالها يتمكن من تسخير طبيعة الموجودات وإعمار الحياة شرط أن تترافق الحرية والمسؤولية، فلا حرية دون مسؤولية كما أنه لا مسؤولية دون حرية، فهما قيمتان متكاملتان، أما المثل العليا هي عناصر الحياة الفعلية المستقاة من وجودنا وهي الغايات التي هي خير في ذاتها وتتمثل في أصول أربعة: السعادة، الخير، الحق، والجمال والقيم الكلية وهي الوسيط الذي يتجلى به الله. ولكن من الفلاسفة والباحثين لهم نظرة خاصة في تصورهم للقيم، فمنهم من جعلها امتدادا لموقفه من الوجود والمعرفة وهذا رأي الأغلبية، ومنهم من جعلها بداية لفلسفة مفتاحا لفهمها مثل ”نيتشه” ويعتبر ”كانط” هو الذي أثار مسائل جديدة تدور حول القيمة والوجود. وكذلك الفن ينقل ما هو كائن إلى مستوى ما ينبغي أن يكون، والفنان لا يضع آثاره بمعزل عن غيره من عصره بل يتصل بهما، والفن من حيث هو تذوق، هو المتعة والإثارة التي تعتري الإنسان أثناء مشاهدته اللوحة أو المسرحية وقراءته للشعر والنثـر وإنصاته للموسيقى، يريد خلق عالم إنساني يعلو عالم المادة الثقيل، فهو يبحث عن الاكتمال ويتمرد على كل ما من شأنه أن يحد من شخصيته. والواقع في شرعيته وقانونية القرارات الصادرة عن مؤسسات الأمم المتحدة ومجلس الأمن قد بدأت تهتز وتفقد مصداقيتها نتيجة تسخيرها لمصلحة الأقوى وتطبيقها من صرف دون آخر فهو ما لمسناه في تصديها لمشكلات عالمية وإقليمية مختلفة، خاصة فيما يتعلق بالنزاع العربي الإسرائيلي. إن مجابهة الأمركة، تحدي التحولات الكبرى والتغيرات الحاسمة التي يشهدها العالم على أكثر من صعيد تستوجب رؤية استراتيجية، تستلزم التكيف مع القيم التي تبدو سلبية، وجعلها تتوافق وتتلائم مع حياة الإنسان في هذا العمر، وهذا يتطلب الجرأة وعدم إتباع سياسة العزم أو التهرب من هذا الواقع المفروض. فالأمركة إن اعتبرناها شرا فإنها شر، وشرها فيها أنه لا بد منها، وإن اعتبرناها خيرا فهي خير، وخير ما فيها أنه لا بد منها.
رشيد قوارف

[the.edge]

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