أهليل ... التراث الثقافي اللامادي للانسانية.

[mouad-timimoun]

أهليل قورارة: وقد يكتب "أهليل غرارة": هو تراث شعري وغنائي من منطقة قورارة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9) الواحية الجزائرية (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1) التي تبعد عن العاصمة باتجاه الجنوب الغربي بحوالي ألف كلم .
التسمية
كان هذا النوع من الغناء منتشرا في منطقة تميمون (http://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9% 86&action=edit&redlink=1) وما جاورها، منذ القديم، وكان يعرف قبل الإسلام باسم " أزنون (http://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1) " ليحمل بعده الاسم الحالي أهليل . ويرى البعض أن هذه التسمية مشتقة من "أهل الليل" باعتبار أن هذا الغناء يؤدى في الليل، بينما ربطها البعض الآخر بالهلال، ويذهب آخرون إلى أن الكلمة جاءت من التهليل لله ومن عبارة "لا إله إلا الله ". والأهليل هو عبارة عن نوع من الغناء الموروث بالصحراء الجزائرية .]تتناول كلماته المغناة سير الصحابة والأولياء الصالحين وهو ما جعل أحد المختصين يعتبره من الغناء الصوفي المستلهم من الطريقتين "التيجانية" و"القادرية" المنتشرتين في الجزائر ومنطقة المغرب العربي (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84% D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A) .
الأداء
يشترك في أداء الأهليل النساء والرجال، وهم واقفون يرددون نفس الكلمات مع مرافقتها بالتصفيق الذي يتلاءم مع الألحان التي تدعم بحركات أجسادهم . ويؤدى من قبل فرق تتألف غالبا من سبعة منشدين يكونون في أماكن عامة أثناء الليل في المناسبات الدينية والأفراح أو عند زيارة مقامات الأولياء الصالحين . ويرى أحد الباحثين أن هناك نوعين من هذا الفن: يطلق على الأول اسم تقرابت، ويُؤدى جلوسا بآلات موسيقية خاصة في المناسبات الدينية، والثاني هو "أهليل" ويؤدى وقوفا باستعمال آلتي الناي والطبل .
الآلات والكلمات
هناك عدة آلات يقع توظيفها في الأهليل هي: الإمزاد، البندير (http://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9% 8A%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1)، الطبلة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%84)، الدف (http://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81&action=edit&redlink=1)، بالإضافة إلى البانجو (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88)، الكمان (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)، القيثارة (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9) والناي (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A). أما الأشعار المغناة فإن كانت يطغى عليها القصائد الصوفية والدينية، فإنها تتناول أيضا موضوعات دنيوية مثل الحب والحرب والشهرة والكرامة والعطف ومن أشهر أغانيه "النبي الأعظم":
صلى الله على صاحب المقام الرفيع
والسلام على الطاهر الحبيب الشفيع
قدر الداعي والمدعي ومن هو سميع
قدر الشاري في السوق ومن جاء يبيع
قدر الطايع للحق رآه في أمره سميع
قدر ما قبضت اليد الكافلة بالجميع
قدر الحلفة والدوم والزرع والربيع
من مأثورات التراث العالمي
أدرج منظمة اليونسكو (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88) أهليل قورارة ضمن القائمة التمثيلية للتراث الثقافي اللامادي للبشرية التي تضم 90 من أبرز المأثورات اللامادية . وصيانة لهذا التراث الغنائي انتظم في شهر جانفي 2008 (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008) المهرجان الأول بتيميمون . كما تمّ إطلاق جائزة لأحسن بحث أكاديمي حول هذا التراث الفني الأصيل وجائزة أخرى لجامع أكبر عدد من قصائد الأهليل .

[the.edge]

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