مستعمرة النمل قاطع الاوراق ثاني اعقد المجتمعات فالعالم بعد البشر

[دائمة الذكر]

مدينة معقدة بناها ويسكنها الملايين من النمل وغيرها من الحشرات تم اكتشافها تحت الأرض في البرازيل بواسطة فريق من العلماء. هذه المدينة التي تضم طرقا عامة وممرات فرعية و حتى الحدائق يعتقد أنها موطن لأكبر تجمع للنمل في العالم.


http://www.wasse3.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/article-0-118FB7E1000005DC-41_634x480.jpg


قام الخبراء بصب عشرة اطنان من الاسمنت في الفتحات التي يصنعها النمل كقنوات للتهوية التي تظهر صورتها بالاسفل وذلك لتصليب القنوات, وقد استغرقت عملية الصب هذه عشرة أيام لتعبئة مساحة 46.5 متر مربع على عمق ثمانية أمتار تحت سطح الأرض وبعد شهر واحد بدأ العلماء بقيادة البروفيسور (لويس فورجي \ Luis Forgi) بالحفر الذي أدى الى اكتشاف هذه المدينة العظيمة التي وصفوها بأنها “أعجوبة سور الصين العظيم لدى النمل”.
http://www.wasse3.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/article-0-118FB691000005DC-986_634x444.jpg


صورة لعملية صب الاسمنت.
http://www.wasse3.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/article-2095335-118FB72A000005DC-993_634x481.jpg


يعتبر النمل من المخلوقات “الخارقة” بسبب قدرتها العجيبة في التنظيم فكل نملة يمكنها حمل أثقال حتى خمسين ضعف وزنها و تمشي بها مسافات تقدر بعشرات الكيلومترات و هي تقوم بهذه العملية بشكل متكرر، و فيما يتعلق بهذه المتاهة فانه يقدر أن جماعات النمل قامت بحفر حوالي 40 طن من التراب لعمل مثل هذه الشبكة التي تسمح بتهوية جيدة لمجتمع النمل و توفر أقصر الطرق فهناك طرق رئيسية تربط بين الغرف و طرق جانبية تؤدي الى الحفر حيث الحبات الصغيرة التي جمعها النمل بالاضافة الى حدائق شكلتها الفطريات التي نمت على البقايا الخضراء التي جمعها النمل و التي تساهم في حماية يرقات النمل.


http://www.wasse3.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/article-0-118FB89D000005DC-711_634x481.jpg


النمل المصمم لهذه المدينة الفائقة في التصميم و النظام هو من فصيلة (النمل القاطع للأوراق \ Leaf Cutter Ants) و هي تصمم ثاني أعقد المجتمعات في العالم بعد الانسان.


http://www.wasse3.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/The_stronger_of_the_two.jpg
صورة للنمل أثناء موسم جمع قطع الأوراق الخضراء.
http://www.wasse3.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/450px-Leafcutter_ants_transporting_leaves.jpg


تحكم هذا النوع من النمل ملكة تقوم بجمع 300 مليون نملة من الذكور قبل أن تنشيء مملكتها، بعدها يقوم النمل اللاتي خرج من بيض الملكة والذي يختلف دوره باختلاف حجمه ببناء المدينة, وجمع قطع الأوراق الخضراء. و عندما يكبر النمل و يتقدم به العمر ويصبح مسؤولا عن تنظيف المدينة و التخلص من الفضلات بالقائها خارج المدينة وأهم هذه الفضلات هو بعض أنواع الذباب الذي يتطفل على النمل و الذي تقوم بزرع بيوضها في رؤوس تلك العاملات و لذلك يمكن تشبيه تلك العاملات بالجيش الذي يدافع عن المدينة. صورة لملكة النمل و العاملات من حولها.
http://www.wasse3.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/800px-Atta_colombica_queen.jpg

فيديو عن مدينة النمل الرائعة.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvTRXrkgpw4&feature=player_embedded

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