بحث علمي : نصف سعادة الانسان تأتي من جيناته

[دائمة الذكر]

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خصائص الشخصية البشرية تتأثر بالجينات

اعلن فريقان علميان بريطاني واسترالي درسا اكثر من 900 زوج من التوائم المتطابقة وغير المتطابقة، العثور على دلائل بأن الجينات تلعب دورا مهما في سعادة الانسان في حياته.

وقال العلماء أن 50 في المائة من خصائص الشخصية البشرية تتأثر يالجينات. اما ال 50 في المائة الاخرى فانها تتأثر بعوامل اخرى مثل العلاقات الشخصية ، والعمل والتدرج الوظيفي، والصحة العامة.
واشرف على الدراسة التي نشرت في عدد مارس من مجلة "سايكولوجيكال ساينس" المتخصصة في علم النفس، الدكتور الكسندر ويز الباحث في كلية الفلسفة وعلم النفس وعلوم اللغة بجامعة أدنبرة في اسكتلندا.
وحتى الآن كان العلماء على دراية بأن الشعور الذاتي بالهناء او بالسعادة، يرتبط بخصائص الشخصية نفسها.
الا انهم لم انهم لم يتمكنوا من رصد العلاقة بين كل من الشخصية والشعور الذاتي بالهناء، وبين الجينات المتوارثة.
ودرس ويز وزملاؤه 973 من التوائم بتوظيف طريقة معروفة تسمى "نموذج العوامل الخمسة" (Five-Factor Model (FFM التي يستخدمها باحثو علم النفس في تقييم الشخصية، بتحليل الاجابات على مجموعات من الاسئلة.
وكان من ضمن المشمولين بالدراسة عدد من التوائم المتطابقة الذين تتطابق جيناتهم تماما، فيما كانت البقية من التوائم الاخرى، الامر الذي سهل مقارنة المجموعتين، من حيث تأثير الجينات على خصائص الشخصية.
وركز العلماء دراستهم على سمات القلق، والتفاعل الاجتماعي، وكون الشخص حيّ الضمير. ويعرف عن هذه السمات ارتباطها مع الشعور الذاتي بالهناء وبالشعور العام بالسعادة.
ووجد الباحثون ان الاشخاص الذين لم يكونوا يشعرون بالقلق الكثير، والاجتماعيين، ومن ذوي الضمير الحي، كانوا من السعداء، ولذلك فقد افترضوا ان هذه السمات المشتركة تؤدي سوية دورها ك "احتياطي فعال" للسعادة.
وقال ويز انه "سوية مع الحياة والحرية، فان الاندفاع نحو تحقيق السعادة هو رغبة بشرية جوهرية".
واضاف انه "ورغم ان السعادة تخضع لنطاق واسع من المؤثرات الخارجية، فقد عثرنا على عناصر موروثة للسعادة، يمكن تفسيرها كلية انطلاقا من المعمارية الجينية للشخصية".

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