ن مراعاة قواعد المنطق الصوري تعصم الفكر من الخطا [الأرشيف]

امهني

24-02-2013, 07:41 PM

ان مراعاة قواعد المنطق الصوري تعصم الفكر من الخطا
نقد الاطروحة التالية(ان مراعاة قواعد المنطق الصوري تعصم الفكر من الخطا)
الطريقة;الاستقصاء بالرفع
طرح المشكلة
ان المنطق علم القواعد التي تجنب النسان الخطا في التفكير وترشده الى الصواب والمنطق معروف قبل اليونان ولكن قاده الواضع الاول ارسطوالذيالذي اعتبر ان قواعد المنطق الممنهجة والمنظمة تنظيما محكما تعصم الفكر من الوقوع في الانزلاقات والاخطاء ولكن هناك انتقادات واعتراضات من قبل فلاسفة غربيين وحتى اساميين وجهت للمنطق الارسطي الى درجة اهدم والتفويض ولهذا يمكننا طرح هذه التساؤلات .الى اي مدى يمكن لقواعد المنطق الصوري ان تعصم الفكر من الوقوع في الخطا وكيف يمككنا نقد هذه الاطروحة وابطال حجج المناصرين لها
محاولة حل المشكلة
ان هناك فلاسفة ومفكرين وعلماء افذاذ حاولو اعطاء نظرة حول مشروعية المنطق ارسطو الذي يعرفه (هو الة العلم وصورته ) او هو الالة التي تعصم الذهن من الوقوع في الخطا وكذلك نجد حجة الاسلام ابو حامد الغزالي الذي يقول (ان من لا يحيط بالمنطق فلا ثقة بعلومه اصلا) وهناك ايضا الفرابي الذي اقر بضرورة المنطق واهميته في ابعاد الانسان من الغلط والزلل شريطة التقيد بقواعده ولذلك سماه بعلم الميزان
ابطال الاطروحة
لكن بالرغم ما قدمه الفلاسفة اتجاه المنطق الا ان هناك من عارضه بشدة سواء من قبل فلاسفة غربيين او اسلاميين فهناك ديكارت وغوبلو الذين اكدو على ان المنطق الارسطي فارغ من محتواه وان نتائج القياس مجرد تحصيل حاصل لا تعطي الجديد بحيث النتائج متضمنة في المقدمات وهناك ايضا جمهرة من العلماء والفقهاء من عارض المنطق الارسطي معارضة شديدة مثل ابن صلاح الذي قال ( ان المنطق مدخل الفلسفة ومدخل الشر ) وقال ايضا ( من تمنطق تزندق )
وهناك ايضا شيخ الاسلام ابن تيمية الذي عارض المنطق الارسطي بانه عقيم دون جدوى فهو منطق خاص بالتربية اليونانية ولذلك فلا داعي لان يؤسس لها لانها موجودة منذ وجود الانسان
نقد انصار الاطروحة
حقيقة ان المنطق بامكانه ان يقوم الفكر ويوجهه توجيها صحيحا لا خطا في ذلك ولكن مع ذلك فمنطق ارسطو منطق تكراري عديم الجدوى لم يعطي الجديد ويقوم على لغة الالفاظ بل هو فارغ من محتواه نتيجة عدم مواكبته لروح العصر ولذلك ظهر عدة انواع جديدة للمنطق الرمزي الرياضي والمنطق الجدي كبديلا للمنطق الصوري
حل المشكلة
حقيقة ان المنطق الصوري الارسطي لم يعطي الجديد وحتى وان جعل الفكر صائبا دوما الا ان هناك بدائل اخرى للمنطق وعليه نستنتج انه لا يمكن تبني هذه الاطروحة بل يمكن ابطالها ونقدها ويبقى المنطق الارسطي يصلح للنقد والمناقشة

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