تعرف على حشرة ( المن) puceron في نبات الفول 2013

[amine2009]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله

اليوم نحن مع موضوع مهم با النسبة للذين يهتمون بوقاية النباتات


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حشرة المن ِ
puceron

http://bernard.langellier.pagesperso-orange.fr/hemipteres/puceron-noir.jpg
تعتبر حشرة المن من أخطر الحشرات التى تصيب الفول وتكمن خطورة المن فى سرعة التوالد الرهيب وإنتشار الإصابة بسرعة من الحشائش والمحاصيل المجاورة أو السابقة إلى أماكن متفرقة بالحقل ثم منها إلى ما بقى الحقل فى حالة إهمال المزارع مكافحة الإصابة عند بدايتها على حواف الحقل.


http://im37.gulfup.com/EIDpd.jpg

- المن puceron

الأعراض والضرر
- يصيب المن كلا ً من سطحى الورقه ... ونظراً لطبيعة فم الحشره الثاقب الماص فإن الحشرات تقوم بإمتصاص العصاره النباتيه من الأوراق مما يؤدى الى تحول لون الأوراق الى اللون الأصفر
- بإشتداد الغصابه تتجعد الأوراق المصابه ويظهر عليها عفن هبابى يؤدى الى توقف الأوراق عن القيام بعملية البناء الضوئي
- تقوم حشرة المن بنقل العديد من الأمراض الفيروسيه

http://im37.gulfup.com/nSeCD.jpg

مظهر الإصابة والضرر:


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1- أهم ما يميز إصابة المن على الفول البلدى هو مشاهدة أفراد المن على أوراق الفول على كلا سطحى الورقه وحاصة على حواف الحقول على النباتات الصغيرة فى العمر ونظراً لطبيعة فم الحشره الثاقب الماص فإن الحشرات تقوم بإمتصاص العصاره النباتيه من الأوراق مما يؤدى الى تحول لون الأوراق الى اللون الأصفر وتتوقف الورقه عن القيام بعملية البناء الضوئى
وكذلك وجود الندوة العسلية التى يفرزها المن حيث أن المن يحتاج إلى كمية كبيرة من المواد البروتينية التى تكون موجودة فى عصارة النبات بكمية قليلة لذلك فإنه يقوم بإمتصاص العصارة حتى يحصل على كفايته من المواد البروتينية ثم يقوم بإخراج الماء والسكريات الزائدة على صورة ندوة عسلية لأن الجهاز الهضمى للمن محور إلى غرفة ترشيح حيث تقوم هذه الغرفة بتركيز عصارة النبات المتغذى عليها المن ويخرج الماء والسكريات على صورة ندوة عسلية وهذه الندوة يتجمع عليها الأتربة وتسد الثغور التنفسية وينمو عليها فطر العفن الأسود وتتوقف الورقة عن القيام بوظيفتها وهنا يقل حجم القرون وتتشوه نتيجة لتساقط الندوة عليها.

http://im37.gulfup.com/qglrG.jpg

2- أثبتت البحوث أن لعاب المن له تأثير سام على الأوراق حيث أنه يتفاعل مع الكلوروفيل مسبباً تغيراً فى تركيبة مما يلغى وظيفته فى عمليات التمثيل الكلوروفيلى وتصبح أماكن الوخز المتناثرة على سطح الورقة بقعاً صفراء باهتة.



3- ظهور أعراض الأمراض الفيروسية حيث أثبتت الدراسات الحديثه أن الفول البلدى يصاب بالعديد من الأمراض الفيروسيه التى قد تعود أسبابها لحشرة المن وهى فيروس تبرقش الفول البلدي, فيروس التفاف أوراق البسلة, فيروس ذبول الفول, فيروس الموزايك الأصفر للفاصوليا, فيروس الموزايك الحقيقي وفيروس تبقع الفول البلدي .


4-أخيرا ضعف النبات وجفافه.


5- من الممكن أن تصل الإصابه إلى قرون الفول البلدى ويقلل من قيمتها التسويقيه.

http://im37.gulfup.com/Pys15.jpg


أهم طرق مكافحة المن:

http://www.shouragroup.com/Images/gallery/vegetables%20big/BEAN_aphids.jpg

نظافة الحقول وجسور الترع من الحشائش التى تعتبر أهم مصادر العدوى مع مداومة المرور على الحقول لإكتشاف الإصابة مبكراً.
زراعة محصول الفول البلدى فى تجمعات وفى مواعيد متقاربة مما يجعل النباتات فى أعمار متقاربة وفى حجم واحد مما يقلل من معدلات الإصابة بهذه الحشرة حيث تنتقل الحشرات من النباتات الكبيرة إلى الصغيرة وتنشر الأمراض الفيروسية فى حالة إختلاف مواعيد الزراعة فى حقول متجاورة.
التخلص من النباتات المصابة بالفيروس وحرقها.
تعتبر الحشرات الكاملة وحوريات المن غذاء مفضل لخنافس ويرقات أبو العيد
وكذلك يرقات أسد المن وذباب السرفس ويوجد العديد من الطفيليات فيجب ترك الفرصه لهذه الأعداء لتقوم بدورها.

لاحظ الصورة الاولى

http://www.shouragroup.com/Images/gallery/vegetables%20big/BEAN_aphids1.jpg

المكافحه
إستخدام أحد المركبات الآتيه
أكتيلك بمعدل 375سم/100لتر ماء
أفوكس بمعدل 50جم /100لتر ماء


وفي الاخير تقبلو تحيات

امين 2009
تقنى سامي في وقاية النباتات

[djazayri]

موضوع مفيد ( والمن هادي تخلع :19:) ، شكرا جزيلا.

[إخلاص]

كنت رايحة نسقسيك على إختصاصك
و إذ بي أقرؤه في آخر موضوعك:8:
موضوع قيّم عن الفول و هو مفضّل عندي فجوزيت خيرا على هذه المعلومات القيّمة
لكن واش دخّل الحوريات في الموضوع؟:19:
دمت معطاء أمينوووو
تحيّة تليق

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