عدد أسماء الله الحسنى

[محمد رضا علي]

هذا نص فتوى للشيخ ابن عثيمين بخصوص عدد الاسماء الحسنى:


هل أسماء الله تعالى الحسنى تسعة وتسعون اسماً فقط ؟ أم أنها أكثر من ذلك .

الحمد لله
روى البخاري (2736) ومسلم (2677) عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ( إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ اسْمًا مِائَةً إِلا وَاحِدًا مَنْ أَحْصَاهَا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ ) .
استدل بعض العلماء (كابن حزم رحمه الله) بهذا الحديث على أن أسماء الله تعالى محصورة في هذا العدد . انظر : "المحلى" (1/51) .
وهذا الذي قاله ابن حزم رحمه الله لم يوافقه عليه عامة أهل العلم ، بل نقل بعضهم (كالنووي) اتفاق العلماء على أن أسماء الله تعالى ليست محصورة في هذا العدد . وكأنهم اعتبروا قول ابن حزم شذوذاً لا يلتفت إليه .
واستدلوا على عدم حصر أسماء الله تعالى الحسنى في هذا العدد بما رواه أحمد (3704) عن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بن مسعود قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا أَصَابَ أَحَدًا قَطُّ هَمٌّ وَلا حَزَنٌ فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي عَبْدُكَ ، وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ ، وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ ، نَاصِيَتِي بِيَدِكَ ، مَاضٍ فِيَّ حُكْمُكَ ، عَدْلٌ فِيَّ قَضَاؤُكَ ، أَسْأَلُكَ بِكُلِّ اسْمٍ هُوَ لَكَ سَمَّيْتَ بِهِ نَفْسَكَ ، أَوْ عَلَّمْتَهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ ، أَوْ أَنْزَلْتَهُ فِي كِتَابِكَ ، أَوْ اسْتَأْثَرْتَ بِهِ فِي عِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ عِنْدَكَ ، أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الْقُرْآنَ رَبِيعَ قَلْبِي ، وَنُورَ صَدْرِي ، وَجِلَاءَ حُزْنِي ، وَذَهَابَ هَمِّي إِلا أَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ هَمَّهُ وَحُزْنَهُ وَأَبْدَلَهُ مَكَانَهُ فَرَجًا . فَقِيلَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَلا نَتَعَلَّمُهَا ؟ فَقَالَ : بَلَى ، يَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ سَمِعَهَا أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمَهَا . صححه الألباني في السلسلة الصحيحة (199) .
فقوله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( أَوْ اسْتَأْثَرْتَ بِهِ فِي عِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ عِنْدَكَ ) دليل على أن من أسماء الله تعالى الحسنى ما استأثر به في علم الغيب عنده ، فلم يطلع عليه أحداً من خلقه ، وهذا يدل على أنها أكثر من تسعة وتسعين .
قال شيخ الإسلام في "مجموع الفتاوى" (6/374) عن هذا الحديث :
فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلَّهِ أَسْمَاءً فَوْقَ تِسْعَةٍ وَتِسْعِينَ اهـ .
وقال أيضاً (22/482) :
قَالَ الخطابي وَغَيْرُهُ : فَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُ أَسْمَاءً اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا وَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ : ( إنَّ لِلَّهِ تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ اسْمًا مَنْ أَحْصَاهَا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ ) أَنَّ فِي أَسْمَائِهِ تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ مَنْ أَحْصَاهَا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ ، كَمَا يَقُولُ الْقَائِلُ : إنَّ لِي أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ أَعْدَدْتهَا لِلصَّدَقَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَالُهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . وَاَللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ : ( وَلِلَّهِ الأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى فَادْعُوهُ بِهَا ) فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُدْعَى بِأَسْمَائِهِ الْحُسْنَى مُطْلَقًا ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ : لَيْسَتْ أَسْمَاؤُهُ الْحُسْنَى إلا تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ اسْمًا اهـ .
ونقل النووي رحمه الله في شرح صحيح مسلم اتفاق العلماء على ذلك ، فقال :
اتَّفَقَ الْعُلَمَاء عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيث لَيْسَ فِيهِ حَصْر لأَسْمَائِهِ سُبْحَانه وَتَعَالَى , فَلَيْسَ مَعْنَاهُ : أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَسْمَاء غَيْر هَذِهِ التِّسْعَة وَالتِّسْعِينَ , وَإِنَّمَا مَقْصُود الْحَدِيث أَنَّ هَذِهِ التِّسْعَة وَالتِّسْعِينَ مَنْ أَحْصَاهَا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّة , فَالْمُرَاد الإِخْبَار عَنْ دُخُول الْجَنَّة بِإِحْصَائِهَا لا الإِخْبَار بِحَصْرِ الأَسْمَاء اهـ .
وسئل الشيخ ابن عثيمين رحمه الله عن ذلك فقال :
" أسماء الله ليست محصورة بعدد معين ، والدليل على ذلك قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم في الحديث الصحيح : ( اللهم إني عبدك وابن عبدك وابن أمتك . . إلى أن قال : أسألك بكل اسم هو لك سميت به نفسك ، أو أنزلته في كتابك ، أو علمته أحداً من خلقك ، أو استأثرت به في علم الغيب عندك ) .
وما استأثر الله به في علم الغيب لا يمكن أن يُعلم به، وما ليس معلوماً ليس محصوراً .
وأما قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ اسْمًا مِائَةً إِلا وَاحِدًا مَنْ أَحْصَاهَا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ ) .
فليس معناه أنه ليس له إلا هذه الأسماء ، لكن معناه أن من أحصى من أسمائه هذه التسعة والتسعين فإنه يدخل الجنة ، فقوله (مَنْ أَحْصَاهَا) تكميل للجملة الأولى وليست استئنافية منفصلة ، ونظير هذا قول العرب : عندي مائة فرس أعددتها للجهاد في سبيل الله . فليس معناه أنه ليس عنده إلا هذه المائة ؛ بل هذه المائة معدة لهذا الشيء" اهـ .
"مجموع فتاوى ابن عثيمين" (1/122) .

[نبض القلوب]

بوركت أخي...وجزاك الله خير جزاء في الدنيا والآخرة

موضوع مميز ورائع...أحسنت الإنتقاء

ننتظر منك المزيد والمفيد

[محمد رضا علي]

بوركت أخي...وجزاك الله خير جزاء في الدنيا والآخرة

موضوع مميز ورائع...أحسنت الإنتقاء

ننتظر منك المزيد والمفيد

وفيك بارك الله
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