The Big Bang theory verified
20-10-2024, 11:29 AM
How really did our Universe come to be? How did it become the seemingly infinite place that it seems to be today? And what will become of it in the long run? These are the questions that have bewildered philosophers and scholars since the dawn of time, leading to some bizarre and intriguing theories. Scientists, astronomers, and cosmologists now agree that the Universe as we know it was created in a massive expansion that produced not only the majority of matter, but also the physical laws that govern our ever-expanding cosmos. This is referred to as The Big Bang Theory. For nearly a century, scholars and non-scholars alike have been using the term interchangeably. This should come as no surprise given that it is the most widely accepted theory about our origins.
But what does it all mean? How did our Universe come to be in the midst of a massive expansion? What evidence is there for this, and what does the theory say about our Universe's long-term prospects?
The Universe began with an infinitesimal single primeval atom of incomprehensible mass and energy. As far as we know, nothing existed prior to this atom; neither time nor space had yet been created. Then, 13.8 billion years ago, for unknown reasons, this point split and its fragments began to move away from each other at close to the speed of light, creating space and time.
The Big Bang theory suggests that the Universe began in time and that it could not have been caused by any physical process with a finite probability. At the big bang moment, all physical laws, constants, and equations were instantly created, designed, and completed, ensuring an ongoing, continuous expansion of the Universe at precisely the right rates that allowed physical life to become possible.
Three independent observations all provided strong support to the Big Bang Theory:
· Edwin Hubble announced in 1929 that almost all galaxies appeared to be moving away from us. In fact, he discovered that the Universe was expanding, with all galaxies moving away from each other. This phenomenon was observed as a redshift throughout the spectrum of a galaxy. This redshift appeared to be greater for dimmer, more distant galaxies. As a result, the farther a galaxy is from Earth, the faster it recedes, indicating that all celestial matter was gathered in one place and then scattered by a massive force that created space and time.
· The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is the radiation which is considered to have remained after the big bang. It essentially looks the same in all directions of the deep Universe because all directions point backward in time, and the CMB is the furthest back in time that we can see without obstruction. Microwaves are interconnected Electrons, not Photons.
· In addition, the relative abundance of light-element isotopes: Another important criterion for verifying the Big Bang hypothesis is the abundance of light elements in the Universe. The elements observed in the Universe are now known to have been created in one of two ways. Light elements (deuterium, helium, and lithium) were created in the first few minutes of the Big Bang, while heavier elements (those heavier than helium) are thought to have formed much later in the Universe's history. Astronomers believe this is depending on both theory and observation.
Theoretical physicists Arvind Borde and Alexander Vilenkin spent 10 years exploring the limits of the space-time theorems. Their research led them to discover powerful extensions to the theorems. These extensions established that regardless of its energy conditions, the Universe indeed must have had a beginning. Together with Alan Guth, Borde and Vilenkin concluded that any cosmic model in which the Universe expands (on average) can be traced back in finite time to an actual beginning, or creation, of space and time.[1]
The Holy Quran, in its divine wisdom, unveils the genesis of the Universe as a singular, unified entity that later underwent a grand expansion to form the cosmos as we know it. This profound revelation is encapsulated in Surah 21, Verse 30. Allow me to present an eloquent rendition of this verse:
“Do the disbelievers not ponder upon the fact that the heavens and the earth were once a conjoined entity? We then set them asunder and from water, brought forth every living thing. Does this not stir them to belief?”
[1] . Arvind Borde, Alan H. Guth, Alexander Vilenkin,Inflationary spacetimes are not past-complete, Phys.Rev.Lett. 90 (2003) 151301.
But what does it all mean? How did our Universe come to be in the midst of a massive expansion? What evidence is there for this, and what does the theory say about our Universe's long-term prospects?
The Universe began with an infinitesimal single primeval atom of incomprehensible mass and energy. As far as we know, nothing existed prior to this atom; neither time nor space had yet been created. Then, 13.8 billion years ago, for unknown reasons, this point split and its fragments began to move away from each other at close to the speed of light, creating space and time.
The Big Bang theory suggests that the Universe began in time and that it could not have been caused by any physical process with a finite probability. At the big bang moment, all physical laws, constants, and equations were instantly created, designed, and completed, ensuring an ongoing, continuous expansion of the Universe at precisely the right rates that allowed physical life to become possible.
Three independent observations all provided strong support to the Big Bang Theory:
· Edwin Hubble announced in 1929 that almost all galaxies appeared to be moving away from us. In fact, he discovered that the Universe was expanding, with all galaxies moving away from each other. This phenomenon was observed as a redshift throughout the spectrum of a galaxy. This redshift appeared to be greater for dimmer, more distant galaxies. As a result, the farther a galaxy is from Earth, the faster it recedes, indicating that all celestial matter was gathered in one place and then scattered by a massive force that created space and time.
· The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is the radiation which is considered to have remained after the big bang. It essentially looks the same in all directions of the deep Universe because all directions point backward in time, and the CMB is the furthest back in time that we can see without obstruction. Microwaves are interconnected Electrons, not Photons.
· In addition, the relative abundance of light-element isotopes: Another important criterion for verifying the Big Bang hypothesis is the abundance of light elements in the Universe. The elements observed in the Universe are now known to have been created in one of two ways. Light elements (deuterium, helium, and lithium) were created in the first few minutes of the Big Bang, while heavier elements (those heavier than helium) are thought to have formed much later in the Universe's history. Astronomers believe this is depending on both theory and observation.
Theoretical physicists Arvind Borde and Alexander Vilenkin spent 10 years exploring the limits of the space-time theorems. Their research led them to discover powerful extensions to the theorems. These extensions established that regardless of its energy conditions, the Universe indeed must have had a beginning. Together with Alan Guth, Borde and Vilenkin concluded that any cosmic model in which the Universe expands (on average) can be traced back in finite time to an actual beginning, or creation, of space and time.[1]
The Holy Quran, in its divine wisdom, unveils the genesis of the Universe as a singular, unified entity that later underwent a grand expansion to form the cosmos as we know it. This profound revelation is encapsulated in Surah 21, Verse 30. Allow me to present an eloquent rendition of this verse:
“Do the disbelievers not ponder upon the fact that the heavens and the earth were once a conjoined entity? We then set them asunder and from water, brought forth every living thing. Does this not stir them to belief?”
[1] . Arvind Borde, Alan H. Guth, Alexander Vilenkin,Inflationary spacetimes are not past-complete, Phys.Rev.Lett. 90 (2003) 151301.
