كيفية كتابة فقرة بالانجليزية
30-12-2014, 05:28 PM
Writing Paragraphs
What is the writing stage?
سنقوم بدراسة المراحل التي نمر بها لكتابة فقرة
The writing stage is when you turn your ideas into sentences.
مراحل الكتابة و التي نمر بها عند تحويل أفكارنا الى جمل
Five Writing Steps:
* Open your notebook and word processor
أكيد سنقوم بفتح المفكرة أو أي شيء نقوم بالكتابة فيه
Write the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and closing sentence*
ثم نبدأ بكتابة جملة الموضوع و أكيد يجب أن يكون هناك مقدمة بعدها عرض للموضوع ثم الخاتمة
Write clear and simple sentences to express your meaning*
نقوم بكتابة واضحة و بسيطة للأفكار التي تعبر عن المعنى الذي نريده
Focus on the main idea of your paragraph*
ركز على الفكرة الرئيسية للفقرة
Use the dictionary to help you find additional words to express your ideas*
استعمل القاموس لتساعد نفسك على ايجاد كلمات اضافية لتعبر عن أفكارك
و الآن سنتطرق الى مايجب أن نحترمه في كتابة فقرة
مثله مثل العربية يجب أن يكون هناك
مقدمة
عرض
خاتمة
التفاصيل الداعمة أو العرض
Supporting Details
What are supporting sentences?
They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph.
يأتي بعد جملة الموضوع أو المقدمة وهو يشكل جسم الفقرة
What do they do?
They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph.
أهميته تكمن في تقديم تفاصيل تطور الموضوع و دعم الفكرة الرئيبسية للفقرة
How do I write them?
You should give supporting facts, details, and examples.
و حتى نقوم بكتابته يمكن استعمال الحقائق الداعمة التفاصيل و استعمال الأمثلة
و هذا مثال بسيط على العرض أو تطور الأفكار أو الفقرة التي تأتي بعد المقدمة
Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.
فمثلا هنا نرى كيف كان هناك الدلائل و البراهين اضافة الى استعمال الأمثلة هذا كله يدعم الفكرة الرئيسية
الآن نذهب الى خاتمة الموضوع
Closing Sentence
What is the closing sentence?
The closing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph.
هي عبارة عن الجملة الأخيرة في الفقرة
What does it do?
It restates the main idea of your paragraph.
و هي بقية للفكرة الرئيسية للفقرة أو ملخص للفقرة و نهايتها
How do I write one?
Restate the main idea of the paragraph using different words.
و حتى ننهي فكرة الفقرة نستعمل العديد من الكلمات
مثلا
Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.
Definition Paragraph
When writing a definition paragraph, you take a thing or an idea and explain what it is.
عندما نقوم بتعريف أو اعطاء مفهوم في الفقرة نأخذ تلك الفكرة أو الشيء المراد تعريفه ثم نشرح ماهو
Example: Write a paragraph giving the definition of a pest.
The following words can help you to write a good definition paragraph:
و الآن سنتعرف على الكلمات التي تساعدنا على اعطاء تعريف
1. "is defined as"يُعرف على أنه
Example: A pest is defined as any animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.
2. "is a kind of"هو صنف من
Example: A pest is a kind of animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.
Classification Paragraph
When writing a classification paragraph, you group things or ideas into specific categories.
اذاأردنا تقسيم فقرة أو ترتيب معطياتها نقوم بتجميع الأفكار الى فئات محددة
Example: Write a paragraph discussing two types of energy resources.
The following words can help you to write a good classification paragraph:
و الآن مايهمنا التعرف على الكلمات المساعدة في ذلك وهي الكلمات التي تزيد فقرتنا وضوحا و تنسيقا أكثر
Helper Words:
is a kind of هو صنف من
can be divided into نستطيع تقسيمه الى
is a type of هو نوع من
falls under يقع ضمن
belongs to ينتمي الى
is a part ofهو جزء من
fits into تتلاءم أو تنتمي الى
is grouped with تُصَّنف مع
is related to ترتبط بـ أو لها علاقة الى
is associated with تتحد مع أوتترافق مع أو تتشارك مع
و هذه أمثلة
is a kind of
Coal is a kind of non-renewable resource.
can be divided into
Energy resources can be divided into two types.
is a type of
Coal is a type of non-renewable resource.
falls under
Coal falls under the category of non-renewable resources.
belongs to
Coal belongs to the category of non-renewable resources.
is a part of
Coal is a part of the category of non-renewable resources.
fits into
Coalfits into the category of non-renewable resources.
is grouped with
Coal is grouped with non-renewable resources.
is related to
Coal is related to other non-renewable resources.
is associated with
Coal is associated with other non-renewable resources
In a sequencing paragraph, you are writing to describe a series of events or a process in some sort of order. Usually, this order is based on time.
Example: Write a paragraph outlining how a person becomes the prime minister.
The following words can help you to write a good sequence paragraph.
و هاته الكلمات تعيننا على كتابة فقرة متسلسلة في الأفكار و التي نحتاجها كثيرا في فقراتنا خاصة ان كان النص حجاجي أو أفكاره مترابطة
helper words
Order التنظيم
first, second, third, etc.
in the beginning في البداية
before قبل
then ثمّ
after بعد
finally أخيرا
at last في الأخير
subsequently ثمّ، بالتالي
Timeالوقت
recently حديثا
previously سابقا
afterwards ثمّ، بعد ذلك
when عندما، حين
after بعد
و هاته الكلمات تعيننا على كتابة فقرة متسلسلة في الأفكار و التي نحتاجها كثيرا في فقراتنا خاصة ان كان النص حجاجي أو أفكاره مترابطة
helper words
Order التنظيم
first, second, third, etc.
in the beginning في البداية
before قبل
then ثمّ
after بعد
finally أخيرا
at last في الأخير
subsequently ثمّ، بالتالي
Timeالوقت
recently حديثا
previously سابقا
afterwards ثمّ، بعد ذلك
when عندما، حين
after بعد
Order
first, second, third, etc.
Example: First, you need to become a leader of a political party. Second, you need to win a seat in the House of Commons. Third, your party must have a majority of seats.
in the beginning
Example: In the beginning, you need to become a leader of a political party.
before
Example: Before becoming the prime minister, you need to become the leader of a political party.
then
Example: Then, you must win a seat in the House of Commons.
after
Example: After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats.
finally
Example: Finally, after all these steps, you can call yourself the prime minister.
at last
Example: At last, you can call yourself the prime minister.
subsequently
Example: Subsequently, you must make sure you have a majority of seats in the House of Commons.
Time
recently
Example: She was recently elected prime minister.
previously
Example: She is the new prime minister. Previously, she worked as a lawyer in Toronto.
afterwards
Example: She won the party leadership last year. Afterwards, she won the election.
when
Example: When she won the party leadership, she was still working as a lawyer.
After
Example: After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats
In a paragraph where you have to make a choice, you need to choose which object, idea, or action that you prefer. Often, you will need to give your opinion on a choice of actions or events.
Example: Write a paragraph stating whether you would prefer to play hockey or lacrosse
first, second, third, etc.
Example: First, you need to become a leader of a political party. Second, you need to win a seat in the House of Commons. Third, your party must have a majority of seats.
in the beginning
Example: In the beginning, you need to become a leader of a political party.
before
Example: Before becoming the prime minister, you need to become the leader of a political party.
then
Example: Then, you must win a seat in the House of Commons.
after
Example: After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats.
finally
Example: Finally, after all these steps, you can call yourself the prime minister.
at last
Example: At last, you can call yourself the prime minister.
subsequently
Example: Subsequently, you must make sure you have a majority of seats in the House of Commons.
Time
recently
Example: She was recently elected prime minister.
previously
Example: She is the new prime minister. Previously, she worked as a lawyer in Toronto.
afterwards
Example: She won the party leadership last year. Afterwards, she won the election.
when
Example: When she won the party leadership, she was still working as a lawyer.
After
Example: After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats
In a paragraph where you have to make a choice, you need to choose which object, idea, or action that you prefer. Often, you will need to give your opinion on a choice of actions or events.
Example: Write a paragraph stating whether you would prefer to play hockey or lacrosse
منقول
شيء من العدم و كثير من السواد
-نسرين-
-نسرين-
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